本文選題：腦深部電刺激　切入點(diǎn)：立體定向　出處：《北京理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：腦深部電刺激手術(shù)是一種治療帕金森和癲癇等運(yùn)動(dòng)障礙疾病的有效方法。它通過在腦部基底神經(jīng)節(jié)處置放腦起搏器,刺激腦部相應(yīng)區(qū)域來改善癥狀。實(shí)施腦深部電刺激手術(shù)需要用到立體定向技術(shù),該技術(shù)幫助醫(yī)生對(duì)顱內(nèi)目標(biāo)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行精確定位。傳統(tǒng)的有框架立體定向技術(shù)依賴于一系列復(fù)雜的設(shè)備,手術(shù)中醫(yī)生需要將病人的頭部固定于框架上,同時(shí)病人需要保持清醒,以便醫(yī)生進(jìn)行電刺激測試。長時(shí)間的手術(shù)令許多病人感到非常痛苦,他們無法忍受沉重的立體定向框架對(duì)頭部的限制�；谶@個(gè)原因,本文提出一種新型隨動(dòng)式微型立體定向系統(tǒng),該系統(tǒng)中的立體定向框架可隨病人頭部移動(dòng),減輕了病人的痛苦,同時(shí)框架無需校準(zhǔn),縮短了手術(shù)的時(shí)間。文章著重研究了立體定向系統(tǒng)中微型框架的生成算法,具體內(nèi)容如下:(1)醫(yī)學(xué)圖像處理。使用ITK完成DICOM文件的讀取、插值和顯示,CT和MR圖像的配準(zhǔn)融合。(2)框架生成算法研究。根據(jù)體數(shù)據(jù)建立立體定向坐標(biāo)系,完成腦部目標(biāo)點(diǎn)、頭骨開孔點(diǎn)、螺釘點(diǎn)物理坐標(biāo)的獲取。設(shè)計(jì)算法計(jì)算立體定向框架的坐標(biāo)信息,依靠OpenGL實(shí)現(xiàn)框架的三維建模,最后將框架模型保存為STL文件。(3)頭骨模型實(shí)驗(yàn)。設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)M腦深部電刺激手術(shù),根據(jù)醫(yī)用頭骨模型制作模型專用的立體定向框架,安裝框架后對(duì)立體定向的結(jié)果進(jìn)行CT掃描,根據(jù)掃描后的圖像計(jì)算出框架誤差,并與CRW框架的誤差進(jìn)行對(duì)比,驗(yàn)證其準(zhǔn)確度。經(jīng)實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,本文提出的框架生成算法能夠根據(jù)病人腦部的醫(yī)學(xué)圖像數(shù)據(jù),通過OpenGL快速準(zhǔn)確的生成病人專用的微型立體定向框架模型。該模型經(jīng)三維成型技術(shù)制作出來后,可以在腦深部電刺激手術(shù)實(shí)施的過程中幫助醫(yī)生控制探針進(jìn)入患者頭部的位置和姿態(tài),實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)腦起搏器植入的精確定位。實(shí)驗(yàn)平均誤差0.76 0.05mm,vector誤差1.68 0.33,達(dá)到了腦深部電刺激的要求。
[Abstract]:Deep brain electrical stimulation is an effective way to treat motor disorders such as Parkinson's and epilepsy by disposing of pacemakers in the basal ganglia of the brain. Stimulating the appropriate regions of the brain to improve symptoms. Stereotactic techniques are needed to perform deep brain electrical stimulation. The technology helps doctors pinpoint intracranial targets. Traditional framed stereotactic techniques rely on a series of complex devices, where doctors need to fix the patient's head to the frame while the patient stays awake. So that doctors can do electrical stimulation tests. For a long period of surgery, many patients feel very painful, they can't stand the heavy stereotaxic framework on the head restrictions. For this reason, In this paper, a new type of following micro stereotactic system is proposed, in which the stereotactic frame can move with the head of the patient, which can alleviate the pain of the patient, and the frame does not need calibration at the same time. In this paper, we focus on the generation algorithm of micro frame in stereotactic system. The details are as follows: 1) Medical image processing. ITK is used to read the DICOM file. Interpolation and display of CT and Mr image registration fusion. The algorithm of frame generation is studied. The stereotactic coordinate system is established according to volume data to complete the brain target point and skull hole point. Design algorithm to calculate the coordinate information of the stereotactic frame, and realize the 3D modeling of the frame by OpenGL. Finally, the frame model was saved as STL file. (3) skull model experiment was designed to simulate deep brain stimulation. According to the medical skull model, a special stereotactic frame was made, and the results of stereotactic orientation were scanned by CT after the frame was installed. The frame error is calculated according to the scanned image and compared with the error of CRW frame to verify its accuracy. The experimental results show that the proposed frame generation algorithm can be based on the medical image data of the patient's brain. The micro stereotactic frame model for patients was created quickly and accurately by OpenGL. It can help doctors control the position and posture of the probe into the patient's head during the operation of deep brain stimulation. The experimental average error was 0.76 0.05mm vector error 1.680.33, which met the requirement of deep brain stimulation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：R651.1;TP391.41

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本文編號(hào)：1636292