【摘要】：關心和幫助盲人是社會文明進步的重要標志,利用仿生原理開發(fā)一種實用、低廉、便攜導盲器材是幫助盲人的新的技術手段。本文基于國家自然科學基金研究(編號：60772004),針對目前超聲波導盲器材提供的信息量少、價格昂貴等問題,提出了一種新型的仿蝙蝠聲納導盲儀,該導盲儀吸收了蝙蝠聲納的優(yōu)點,對物體的距離、方位、大小、形狀等均有較好的體現(xiàn)。本文分析了蝙蝠聲納的基本特征,論證并設計了以DSP為核心、雙通道采集、立體聲輸出方案,制作原理樣機并開展了相關試驗。首先,在分析蝙蝠聲納脈沖特點的基礎上,模擬蝙蝠聲納脈沖的基本形式,設計了恒頻(CF)和調(diào)頻(FM)兩種探測波源；然后針對回波信號降頻輸出的問題,提出了等比例降頻方法,并使用信號重構的方法解決了等比例降頻方法中有效信號頻率集中、播放時間短兩個關鍵問題,保留了有效信號的幅值變化,提高了不同物體的回波信號特征的區(qū)分度；此外,還設計并制作了聲納導盲儀的全套軟硬件,包括回波信號發(fā)射接收模塊、DSP主控模塊、音頻DA輸出模塊、電源模塊、波源數(shù)據(jù)產(chǎn)生與輸出程序、雙路回波信號采集程序、音頻信號輸出程序、信號重構算法程序、鍵盤功能程序等。本論文設計制作的聲納導盲儀經(jīng)測試表明：信噪比較高、探測距離可達8m、探測廣角約為34°、探測物體分辨度可達1.5cm。與現(xiàn)有裝置最大的區(qū)別是該裝置對物體的距離、方位、形狀等特征均有較好的復現(xiàn)能力,具備了較好的導盲潛力。由于本研究處于該研究領域的前沿,其研究結果對導盲技術和生物聲納技術研究具有參考意義。
[Abstract]:Caring for and helping the blind is an important symbol of the progress of social civilization. Using the bionic principle to develop a practical, cheap and portable blind guide device is a new technical means to help the blind. Based on the research of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 60772004), aiming at the problems of less information and high price provided by ultrasonic blind guide equipment, a new type of bat Sonar guide blind instrument is proposed in this paper. The guide blind instrument absorbs the advantages of bat Sonar and embodies the distance, azimuth, size and shape of the object. In this paper, the basic characteristics of bat Sonar are analyzed, and the two-channel acquisition, stereo output scheme with DSP as the core is demonstrated and designed, the prototype is made and the related experiments are carried out. Firstly, based on the analysis of the characteristics of bat Sonar pulse, the basic form of bat Sonar pulse is simulated, and two kinds of detection wave sources, constant frequency (CF) and frequency modulation (FM), are designed. Then, aiming at the problem of frequency reduction output of echo signal, the equal proportion frequency reduction method is proposed, and the method of signal reconstruction is used to solve the two key problems of effective signal frequency concentration and short playback time in equal proportion frequency reduction method. The amplitude change of the effective signal is retained, and the discrimination of the echo signal characteristics of different objects is improved. In addition, the whole set of software and hardware of Sonar guide blind instrument is designed and manufactured, including echo signal transmitting and receiving module, DSP main control module, audio DA output module, power supply module, wave source data generation and output program, dual echo signal acquisition program. Audio signal output program, signal reconstruction algorithm program, keyboard function program and so on. The Sonar guide blind instrument designed and fabricated in this paper shows that the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is high, the detection distance can reach 8m, the detection wide angle is about 34 擄, and the resolution of the detected object can reach 1.5 cm. The biggest difference between the device and the existing device is that the device has good repetition ability to the distance, azimuth, shape and other characteristics of the object, and has a good blind guidance potential. Because this study is in the forefront of this research field, its research results have reference significance for blind guidance technology and biological Sonar technology.
【學位授予單位】：南京理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：TH789

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