【摘要】：滑跌事故是影響人類健康和生命安全的重要因素之一,目前已經(jīng)成為人機(jī)工程以及生物醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域研究的熱點(diǎn)。本論文以已建立的滑跌概率預(yù)測(cè)模型為基礎(chǔ),進(jìn)行了平地滑跌、坡道上下坡以及坡道滑跌時(shí)的步態(tài)試驗(yàn)研究,優(yōu)化了滑動(dòng)和滑跌概率預(yù)測(cè)模型,將其使用范圍擴(kuò)大到坡道行走的情況,并且使滑動(dòng)和滑跌概率的預(yù)測(cè)更加準(zhǔn)確。 論文首先分析了人體行走過程中的力學(xué)機(jī)制以及維持人體行走的穩(wěn)定性原理,對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外在該領(lǐng)域的研究成果給予了簡(jiǎn)單陳述。在此基礎(chǔ)上分別進(jìn)行了平地滑跌試驗(yàn)、坡道行走試驗(yàn)以及坡道滑跌試驗(yàn),分析了非赤足行走時(shí)平地滑跌、坡道上下坡以及坡道滑跌時(shí)足-地接觸力和主要步態(tài)參數(shù)的變化。 平地滑跌試驗(yàn)表明：相同條件組合下的必要摩擦系數(shù)和利用摩擦系數(shù)均服從正態(tài)分布；平地行走發(fā)生滑跌時(shí)足-地接觸力的垂直分力呈多峰分布,矢狀分力和冠狀分力均小于正常行走步態(tài)；步頻、步寬增大,步長(zhǎng)、步速減小。 坡道上下坡試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明：必要摩擦系數(shù)隨坡度的增加而增大,坡度一定時(shí),下坡時(shí)必要摩擦系數(shù)大于上坡；隨著坡度的增大足-地接觸力的垂直分力及冠狀分力均減小,矢狀分力第一階段所占百分比增加；相同坡度時(shí),上下坡垂直分力和矢狀分力峰值無明顯差異,下坡時(shí)冠狀分力大于上坡行走；下坡與上坡行走時(shí)相比,步頻、步長(zhǎng)以及步速均略大。 坡道滑跌試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明：影響利用摩擦系數(shù)的主要外界因素為坡度,其次為污染介質(zhì),最后為地面材質(zhì)；下坡行走發(fā)生滑跌時(shí),步頻、步寬增大,步長(zhǎng)、步速減小。 最后,根據(jù)前期試驗(yàn)結(jié)果論文細(xì)化了滑跌判定條件,并在此基礎(chǔ)上優(yōu)化了滑動(dòng)和滑跌概率預(yù)測(cè)模型。
[Abstract]:Slip accident is one of the important factors that affect human health and life safety. It has become a hot spot in the field of ergonomics and biomedical research. Based on the established probabilistic prediction model of sliding and falling, this paper studies the gait test of sliding on flat ground, up and down slope and downhill, and optimizes the prediction model of sliding and sliding probability. The range of application is extended to the situation of ramp walking, and the prediction of sliding and sliding probability is more accurate. In this paper, the mechanical mechanism of human walking and the principle of maintaining the stability of human walking are analyzed, and the research results in this field at home and abroad are briefly stated. On the basis of this, the flat-ground sliding test, the ramp walking test and the slope sliding test are carried out, and the changes of the foot-to-ground contact force and the main gait parameters during the non-barefoot walking, the slope up and down the slope and the slope slide are analyzed. The test results show that both the necessary friction coefficient and the friction coefficient under the same conditions are normally distributed, and the vertical force distribution of the foot-ground contact force is multi-peak distribution. The sagittal and coronal forces are smaller than the normal walking gait, and the gait frequency, step width, step length and step speed decrease. The results of slope test show that the necessary friction coefficient increases with the increase of slope, when the slope is constant, the necessary friction coefficient is higher when slope is fixed, and the vertical and coronal force of foot-ground contact force decreases with the increase of slope. The percentage of sagittal force in the first stage was increased, there was no significant difference between vertical and sagittal component of the upper and lower slope at the same slope, and the coronal force was higher than that in the upper slope when the slope was downhill, and the step frequency of the downhill was higher than that of the uphill walking. Step size and pace are slightly larger. The results of slope slide test show that the main external factors affecting the utilization of friction coefficient are slope, second is polluted medium, and finally is ground material; when downhill walking occurs sliding, the step frequency, step width increases, step length and step speed decrease. Finally, according to the experimental results, the paper refines the criteria of sliding and falls, and then optimizes the prediction models of sliding and sliding probability.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：R318.01

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