本文選題：豬膝關(guān)節(jié)軟骨　切入點(diǎn)：霍普金森壓桿　出處：《浙江大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：膝關(guān)節(jié)為人體最大且構(gòu)造最復(fù)雜的關(guān)節(jié)。人在整個(gè)生命周期中對(duì)膝關(guān)節(jié)的使用非常的頻繁,其中膝關(guān)節(jié)軟骨在膝關(guān)節(jié)活動(dòng)中起重要作用,其主要功能為穩(wěn)定膝關(guān)節(jié),傳遞膝關(guān)節(jié)負(fù)荷力,緩解壓力。在壓力作用下,膝關(guān)節(jié)軟骨被壓縮,解除壓力,又可伸展,類(lèi)似于彈性墊的效果,可以保護(hù)軟骨下的骨骼不受破壞。在強(qiáng)力驟然運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí),膝關(guān)節(jié)軟骨發(fā)生沖撞和摩擦損傷的概率很大,膝關(guān)節(jié)軟骨的動(dòng)態(tài)力學(xué)性能是關(guān)系到膝關(guān)節(jié)功能是否正常運(yùn)行的一個(gè)重要力學(xué)指標(biāo),對(duì)建立膝關(guān)節(jié)軟骨損傷的精細(xì)化仿真模型以研究膝關(guān)節(jié)軟骨損傷機(jī)理具有重要意義。與關(guān)節(jié)軟骨在準(zhǔn)靜態(tài)條件下的力學(xué)性能相比,人們對(duì)其動(dòng)態(tài)力學(xué)性能的研究較少,這是因?yàn)樯镘浗M織材料在動(dòng)態(tài)加載條件下的力學(xué)測(cè)試難度很大。鑒于此情況,本文在傳統(tǒng)霍普金森壓桿實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展了一套能準(zhǔn)確測(cè)試關(guān)節(jié)軟骨動(dòng)態(tài)力學(xué)性能的霍普金森壓桿實(shí)驗(yàn)技術(shù),成功獲得了關(guān)節(jié)軟骨的動(dòng)態(tài)壓縮應(yīng)力-應(yīng)變曲線(xiàn),并發(fā)展了 ZWT本構(gòu)模型,從而得到了能夠準(zhǔn)確描述關(guān)節(jié)軟骨在很寬應(yīng)變率范圍內(nèi)力學(xué)性能的非線(xiàn)性粘彈性本構(gòu)模型。關(guān)節(jié)軟骨的力學(xué)性能與其所在生理部位關(guān)系較大,而與物種關(guān)系不大。由于人體膝關(guān)節(jié)軟骨獲取困難,而豬膝關(guān)節(jié)軟骨與人膝關(guān)節(jié)軟骨在材料本構(gòu)與參數(shù)屬性上有相類(lèi)似之處,故可用豬膝關(guān)節(jié)軟骨代替人膝關(guān)節(jié)軟骨對(duì)膝關(guān)節(jié)軟骨的動(dòng)力特性進(jìn)行研究。本文選取新鮮的豬后腿膝關(guān)節(jié)處關(guān)節(jié)軟骨作為研究對(duì)象,首先利用電子萬(wàn)能疲勞試驗(yàn)機(jī)對(duì)其進(jìn)行了準(zhǔn)靜態(tài)壓縮測(cè)試。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明關(guān)節(jié)軟骨具有明顯的粘彈性性質(zhì)和應(yīng)變率效應(yīng)。本文針對(duì)膝關(guān)節(jié)軟骨這種軟物質(zhì)在傳統(tǒng)霍普金森壓桿實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試中存在的試樣兩端應(yīng)力無(wú)法平衡及透射信號(hào)弱的問(wèn)題,提出了相應(yīng)的改進(jìn)措施,并采用改進(jìn)后的分離式霍普金森壓桿對(duì)豬膝關(guān)節(jié)軟骨進(jìn)行了不同應(yīng)變率下的沖擊壓縮實(shí)驗(yàn),獲得了成年豬膝關(guān)節(jié)軟骨在五種應(yīng)變率下即500s-1、1000s-1、2000s-1、2700s-1和3500s-1的應(yīng)力-應(yīng)變曲線(xiàn),分析了應(yīng)變率對(duì)關(guān)節(jié)軟骨動(dòng)態(tài)力學(xué)性能的影響。本文對(duì)不同豬齡膝關(guān)節(jié)軟骨進(jìn)行了生化成分測(cè)定,并根據(jù)霍普金森壓桿實(shí)驗(yàn)技術(shù)獲得了 3種不同豬齡膝關(guān)節(jié)軟骨在應(yīng)變率3500s-1的應(yīng)力-應(yīng)變曲線(xiàn),探討了不同年齡關(guān)節(jié)軟骨生化成分對(duì)關(guān)節(jié)軟骨動(dòng)態(tài)力學(xué)性能的影響。本文以ZWT本構(gòu)模型為基礎(chǔ),發(fā)展了一個(gè)更適合生物軟組織材料的本構(gòu)模型。通過(guò)對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行擬合得到了模型中的材料參數(shù),得到了膝關(guān)節(jié)軟骨ZWT本構(gòu)模型,可用于描述關(guān)節(jié)軟骨在準(zhǔn)靜態(tài)及高應(yīng)變率下力學(xué)性能的非線(xiàn)性粘彈性本構(gòu)模型,擬合結(jié)果與實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果重復(fù)性好,可為以后膝關(guān)節(jié)的有限元仿真提供關(guān)節(jié)軟骨的材料參數(shù)。
[Abstract]:The knee joint is the largest and most complicated joint in human body. The knee joint is used frequently in the whole life cycle, in which the articular cartilage plays an important role in the knee joint movement, and its main function is to stabilize the knee joint. Transfer knee joint load to relieve pressure. Under pressure, the cartilage of the knee joint is compressed, relieved of pressure, and can be stretched, similar to the effect of elastic pad, which can protect the bone under cartilage from destruction. The probability of collision and friction damage of articular cartilage is very high. The dynamic mechanical properties of knee cartilage is an important mechanical index related to the function of knee joint. It is of great significance to establish a fine simulation model of articular cartilage injury in order to study the mechanism of articular cartilage injury. Compared with the mechanical properties of articular cartilage under quasi-static conditions, there is less research on the dynamic mechanical properties of articular cartilage. This is because biomechanical testing of biological soft tissue materials under dynamic loading is very difficult. Based on the traditional Hopkinson compression bar experimental system, a set of experimental techniques for measuring the dynamic mechanical properties of articular cartilage have been developed in this paper. The dynamic compression stress-strain curves of articular cartilage have been obtained successfully. The ZWT constitutive model is developed and a nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive model which can accurately describe the mechanical properties of articular cartilage in a wide strain rate range is obtained. The mechanical properties of articular cartilage are closely related to its physiological position. But not related to species. Because of the difficulty of obtaining human knee cartilage, pig knee cartilage is similar to human knee cartilage in material constitutive and parameter properties. Therefore, the dynamic characteristics of knee cartilage can be replaced by porcine articular cartilage. In this paper, the fresh articular cartilage in the knee joint of the hind leg of pig is selected as the research object. Firstly, quasi-static compression test was carried out on the electronic universal fatigue testing machine. The experimental results show that articular cartilage has obvious viscoelastic properties and strain rate effect. In the experimental test of Hopkinson compression bar, the stress at both ends of the specimen can not be balanced and the transmission signal is weak. The corresponding improvement measures were put forward, and the impact compression experiments of pig knee cartilage under different strain rates were carried out by using the improved split Hopkinson pressure bar. The stress-strain curves of the articular cartilage of adult pigs were obtained under five strain rates: 500s-1 / 1000s-1 / 2000s-1 / 2000s-1N / 2700s-1 and 3500s-1, and the effect of strain rate on the dynamic mechanical properties of articular cartilage was analyzed. The biochemical composition of the articular cartilage at different ages was measured in this paper. The stress-strain curves of three kinds of porcine articular cartilage at strain rate 3500s-1 were obtained according to the Hopkinson compression bar technique. The effects of biochemical components of articular cartilage at different ages on the dynamic mechanical properties of articular cartilage were studied. A constitutive model which is more suitable for biological soft tissue materials is developed. The material parameters of the model are obtained by fitting the experimental data, and the ZWT constitutive model of knee cartilage is obtained. The nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive model can be used to describe the mechanical properties of articular cartilage under quasi-static and high strain rate. The fitting results are reproducible with the experimental results, and the material parameters of articular cartilage can be provided for the finite element simulation of knee joint.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：R684;R318.01

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