本文關(guān)鍵詞： 體導(dǎo)電 植入式器件 電極組間距離 仿真 能量傳遞　出處：《南京醫(yī)科大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：醫(yī)用植入式微電子器件發(fā)展迅速,應(yīng)用日漸廣泛,如心臟起搏器和人工耳蝸等。植入式器件的供電問題一直是植入式器件的技術(shù)關(guān)鍵。盡管存在多種可選的供電方式,但目前只有電池技術(shù)和磁感應(yīng)技術(shù)得到廣泛的臨床應(yīng)用。電池技術(shù)最大缺點是電池使用壽命有限,電能耗盡后必須通過手術(shù)方式更換電池,此外電池尺寸也是妨礙植入式器件微型化的關(guān)鍵因素。磁感應(yīng)技術(shù)是將體外電能經(jīng)皮膚傳遞到體內(nèi)植入式器件,但其能量傳遞效率非常低,感應(yīng)線圈體積較大,并且會對附近的醫(yī)療設(shè)備產(chǎn)生射頻干擾。為了克服磁感應(yīng)技術(shù)的缺點和延長植入式器件的使用壽命,國外學(xué)者提出了利用生物組織的體導(dǎo)電特性將體外電能經(jīng)皮膚傳遞到體內(nèi)植入式器件的體導(dǎo)電能量傳遞技術(shù),其原理是通過緊貼體外皮膚的電極組,利用生物組織的離子型體液作為傳導(dǎo)電電流的載體,將體外信號源的能量傳遞到體內(nèi)電極組上,為體內(nèi)植入式器件直接供電或者對其可充電電池充電。目前國內(nèi)外學(xué)者對該技術(shù)進(jìn)行了初步性研究,基本證明了該技術(shù)的可行性,并提出了體導(dǎo)電能量傳遞的各種具體方案和評價指標(biāo)。本實驗室的前期研究發(fā)現(xiàn),體導(dǎo)電能量傳遞效率總體高于磁感應(yīng)方案。影響體導(dǎo)電能量傳遞效率的關(guān)鍵因素是短路電流的大小,而電極組間距離又是影響短路電流大小的最重要因素。然而,以前的研究并沒有對此做細(xì)致分析。因此,本課題重點研究電極組間距離對體導(dǎo)電能量傳遞的影響。此外,以前的研究僅著重在安全電流上,即在不損傷皮膚組織的前提下,對體內(nèi)植入式器件的可充電電池進(jìn)行充電。而并沒有考慮生物反應(yīng),即體外信號源電刺激的頻率及幅值對神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的影響。作者認(rèn)為這十分重要。作者在考慮生物反應(yīng)的基礎(chǔ)上,系統(tǒng)地研究觀察了體外信號源的波形、幅值及頻率對體導(dǎo)電能量傳遞的影響。本課題分別使用電路仿真軟件Multisim 10和有限元仿真軟件COMSOL Multiphysics V3.5建立體導(dǎo)電能量傳遞系統(tǒng)的電路模型和電磁場模型,分析研究了電極組間距離、體外信號源波形、幅值及頻率等因素對體導(dǎo)電能量傳遞的影響,并通過瓊脂實驗和豬皮實驗進(jìn)行實測,與仿真結(jié)果進(jìn)行對比。根據(jù)仿真及實驗結(jié)果建立通用模型,即在保證電流大小不引起組織損傷、頻率選擇不造成神經(jīng)反應(yīng)的情況下,最適電極組間距是3cm,最佳波形是正弦波、最優(yōu)頻率是200KHz,此時瓊脂實驗電流及能量傳遞效率28.13%、9.86%;豬皮實驗電流及能量傳遞效率20.65%、6.90%。理論和實驗均表明：生物組織的體導(dǎo)電特性可以有效地將體外電能經(jīng)皮膚地傳遞到體內(nèi)的植入式器件。通過適當(dāng)設(shè)置電極組間距離、信號源波形、幅值及頻率,可以獲得最大的電流及能量傳遞效率。同時為了更利于手術(shù)植入和更高的能量傳遞效率,本實驗室設(shè)計了一種對稱式電極,大大抑制了電極間的短路電流,目前處在電極皮膚模型的優(yōu)化中,近期將進(jìn)行瓊脂和豬皮實驗。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of medical implantable microelectronic devices, are widely used, such as pacemakers and cochlear implanted devices. The power supply problem is always the key technology of implantable devices. Although there are a variety of optional power supply mode, but at present only the battery technology and magnetic induction technology has been widely used in clinic. The biggest drawback is the battery life of battery technology Co. the electric energy is depleted, the battery must be replaced by surgery, the key factors in addition to cell size is also interfere with implantable devices miniaturized. Magnetic induction technology is the power to pass through the skin in vitro of implantable devices, but its energy transfer efficiency is very low, the induction coil is larger, and will produce the RF interference to the nearby medical equipment in order to overcome the disadvantages of magnetic induction technology and prolong the service life of the implantable devices, foreign scholars have proposed the use of biological The conductive properties of tissues in vitro body energy transmitted to the body through the skin conductive energy of implantable devices transmission technology, its principle is through the electrode group close to the skin in vitro, using ionic fluids in biological tissue as the carrier conduction current, the energy transferred to the internal electrode group in the signal source, direct implantable devices or power supply to charge the rechargeable battery. The current domestic and foreign scholars on the technology of basic research, proved the feasibility of this technology, and put forward a variety of specific volume conduction energy transfer case and evaluation index. Our previous study found that volume conduction energy transfer efficiency is higher than that of magnetic induction plan. Key factors affecting the efficiency of volume conduction energy delivery is short-circuit current size, and the distance between the electrode group is the most important factor that influences the short-circuit current size. However, the previous studies did not give a detailed analysis. Therefore, this paper focuses on the influence of electrode distance between groups of conductive energy transfer. In addition, previous studies only focused on the safety current, ie without damaging the skin under the charging of rechargeable batteries of implantable devices and. Without considering the effect of in vitro biological response, signal source frequency and amplitude of electrical stimulation of the nervous system. The author thinks that this is very important. The author considering the biological reaction on the systematic study of the in vitro observation signal waveform, amplitude and frequency effects on body conductive energy transfer circuit model and electromagnetic model. This paper use Multisim 10 circuit simulation software and finite element simulation software COMSOL Multiphysics V3.5 to build three-dimensional conductive energy transfer system, analysis of the distance between the electrode group, body The signal source waveform, amplitude and frequency on the influence factors of volume conduction energy transfer, and measured by agar assay and pigskin experiment, compared with the simulation results. According to the results of simulation and experiment to establish a general model to ensure the current size does not cause tissue damage, does not cause the neural response under the condition of frequency selection, the most suitable electrode spacing is 3cm, the best waveform is sine wave, the optimal frequency is 200KHz, the current experimental agar and the energy transfer efficiency of 28.13%, 9.86%; pig experimental current and the energy transfer efficiency of 20.65% 6.90%., the theoretical and experimental results show that: conductive properties of biological tissue can be effectively in power transmission to the implanted through the skin the device body. By properly setting the distance between the electrodes, the signal source waveform, amplitude and frequency, can obtain the current and maximum energy transfer efficiency. At the same time in order to better A symmetrical electrode has been designed in the laboratory to suppress the short circuit current between electrodes. Now, in the optimization of electrode skin model, agar and pigskin experiments will be carried out in the near future.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：R318.6

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