本文選題：嗅覺 + 外周輸入　； 參考：《中國科學院研究生院（武漢物理與數(shù)學研究所）》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：嗅覺系統(tǒng)是我們最為熟悉的感覺系統(tǒng)之一,它在動物(包括人)的生存和發(fā)展中具有重要作用。此外,嗅覺系統(tǒng)是大腦中唯一不經過丘腦換元就直接投射到大腦皮層的感覺系統(tǒng),它為我們研究大腦的功能活動提供了一個獨特的模型。嗅覺系統(tǒng)的功能活動受到外周輸入和離心調控的影響。一方面,嗅覺系統(tǒng)接受嗅覺信息的輸入,它的基本功能就是及時準確地反映外周氣味環(huán)境的變化,氣味的物化性質和刺激方位等因素都能影響嗅覺系統(tǒng)的功能活動。另一方面,嗅覺系統(tǒng)接受大量來自高級中樞的離心纖維反饋投射和調制投射,離心調控作用的變化也會對嗅覺系統(tǒng)的功能活動產生影響。本研究主要采用活體電生理記錄、動物行為訓練和神經環(huán)路示蹤的方法,旨在探討在不同腦狀態(tài)或氣味方位條件下,嗅覺系統(tǒng)如何對氣味刺激進行編碼和處理。具體研究內容包括以下兩個方面： (1)本研究通過氣味刺激、戊巴比妥鈉麻醉和Go/No-go氣味辨別訓練改變清醒小鼠的腦狀態(tài),探討外周輸入和離心調控對同側的嗅球(olfactory bulb,OB)和前梨狀皮層(anterior piriform cortex, aPC)之間β振蕩同步性的影響。研究結果表明：增加外周輸入和離心調控引起OB和aPC之間p振蕩同步性的升高；減弱離心調控引起OB和aPC之間p振蕩同步性的降低；特別的是,Go/No-go氣味辨別訓練對OB和aPC之間p振蕩同步性的影響與氣味的意義有關。研究結果提示,嗅覺系統(tǒng)的功能活動受外周感覺輸入和離心調控的共同作用,嗅覺系統(tǒng)中的p振蕩活動是可塑性的網絡現(xiàn)象。 (2)本研究通過控制到達嚙齒動物兩側鼻腔的氣味濃度來探討OB在嗅覺方位識別中的作用。結果表明：嗅球中大多數(shù)對氣味刺激有反應的僧帽／叢狀細胞對氣味刺激的響應具有方位選擇性；而對側氣味的存在不僅可能強化OB中僧帽／叢狀細胞的氣味反應強度,也可能抑制氣味反應強度。另外,本研究通過神經環(huán)路示蹤實驗來揭示兩側嗅球之間的神經連接情況,結果顯示：一側OB明顯受到另一側OB的神經投射。以上研究結果提示,OB具有編碼氣味空間信息的能力。
[Abstract]:Olfactory system is one of the most familiar sensory systems, which plays an important role in the survival and development of animals (including humans). In addition, the olfactory system is the only sensory system in the brain that projects directly to the cerebral cortex without the thalamus changing elements, which provides a unique model for us to study the functional activities of the brain. The function of olfactory system is affected by peripheral input and centrifugal regulation. On the one hand, the olfactory system receives the input of olfactory information, and its basic function is to reflect the changes of the peripheral smell environment in time and accurately. The physical and chemical properties of the smell and the stimulating orientation can all affect the functional activities of the olfactory system. On the other hand, the olfactory system receives a large number of centrifugal fiber feedback projection and modulation projection from the higher central nervous system. The changes of centrifugal regulation also affect the function of olfactory system. The purpose of this study was to investigate how the olfactory system encodes and processes odour stimuli under different brain states or odour orientations by means of in vivo electrophysiological recording animal behavior training and neural loop tracing. The specific research includes the following two aspects: In this study, the brain state of conscious mice was changed by odor stimulation, pentobarbital anaesthesia and Go/No-go odor discrimination training. To investigate the effect of peripheral input and centrifugal regulation on the synchronism of 尾 oscillation between olfactory OB (ipsilateral olfactory) and anterior piriform cortexes (APCs) of the anterior Pyriform cortex (APC). The results show that increasing peripheral input and centrifugal regulation increases the synchronicity of p oscillation between OB and aPC, weakens the synchronization of p oscillation between OB and aPC induced by centrifugal regulation, and decreases the synchronicity of p oscillation between OB and aPC. In particular, the effect of Go-No-go odour discrimination training on the p oscillation synchronization between OB and aPC is related to the significance of odor. The results suggest that the functional activity of olfactory system is affected by peripheral sensory input and centrifugal regulation, and the p oscillation in olfactory system is a plastic network phenomenon. The purpose of this study was to study the role of OB in olfactory orientation recognition by controlling the odour concentration in the nasal cavity of rodents. The results showed that most of the mitral / plexiform cells in olfactory bulb had azimuthal selectivity to odour stimulation, while the presence of contralateral odors could not only enhance the intensity of odour response of mitral / plexiform cells in OB. It may also inhibit the intensity of the odor reaction. In addition, the neural connections between the olfactory bulb and the olfactory bulb were revealed by the neural loop tracing experiment. The results showed that one side of OB was obviously projected by the other side of the OB. These results suggest that OB has the ability to encode odor spatial information.
【學位授予單位】：中國科學院研究生院（武漢物理與數(shù)學研究所）
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：Q434

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