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梯度可降解輸尿管支架管的研制及動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)研究

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-01-22 19:15

  本文關(guān)鍵詞: 聚己內(nèi)酯/聚乳酸-羥基乙酸 輸尿管 支架 可降解 納米結(jié)構(gòu) 出處:《吉林大學(xué)》2014年博士論文 論文類型:學(xué)位論文


【摘要】:傳統(tǒng)輸尿管支架管存在留置后需經(jīng)膀胱鏡取出、膀胱刺激癥狀、感染、血尿及結(jié)石形成等諸多弊端。隨著可降解高分子材料在醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的廣泛應(yīng)用,研究者們試圖研究可降解輸尿管支架管,但目前仍存在降解時(shí)間可控性差、材料表面粗糙、組織相容性不良及降解過程中支架管不均一降解致輸尿管梗阻等問題。因此,支架管的基質(zhì)材料的選擇、加工工藝及降解模式的設(shè)計(jì)是目前該領(lǐng)域內(nèi)需要解決的主要問題。目的: 評價(jià)一種新型可由遠(yuǎn)端向近端降解的輸尿管支架管的微觀結(jié)構(gòu)、降解時(shí)間、力學(xué)性能及生物相容性,同時(shí)評價(jià)該支架管在豬模型中的引流效果及原位組織相容性。方法: 1.將聚己內(nèi)酯(PCL)與聚乳酸-羥基乙酸(PLGA)按一定的質(zhì)量比(5%,10%,15%,20%,25%,30%)共溶解于三氯甲烷中,配成5%的溶液,采用單噴頭電紡絲法制備PCL/PLGA輸尿管支架管。拉伸儀對各種比例支架管的斷裂強(qiáng)度進(jìn)行檢測。 2.體外降解研究:將5%,10%,15%三種質(zhì)量比的支架管截成長約1cm小段,真空干燥,稱重;分別浸于人尿液中并置于37℃恒溫震蕩器內(nèi),尿液每日更換一次,按浸泡時(shí)間分別于7、14、21、28、35、42、49、56天時(shí)取出3個(gè)平行樣品。觀察大體形態(tài)并測量殘重。 3.在生物相容性研究中,MTT法進(jìn)行體外細(xì)胞毒性檢測,采用Hela細(xì)胞系,將25%PCL/PLGA支架管截成長約2mm小段,用含血清的細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)液作為浸提介質(zhì),浸提原液濃度為0.2g/ml,將浸提液用細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)液稀釋成比例為1:2,1:4,1:8,1:16,1:32五種濃度,采用苯酚做陽性對照,細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)液做陰性對照,檢測492nm吸光值。組織相容性研究中,將材料埋于兔脊背兩側(cè)肌肉內(nèi),用6F聚氨酯輸尿管支架做為對照,分別于植入后1周、4周、12周處死動(dòng)物,進(jìn)行組織學(xué)觀察。 4.動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)研究:以15%及25%PCL/PLGA為原料,采用雙噴頭法制備可由遠(yuǎn)端向近端降解的輸尿管支架。實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物為長白豬,共10只,實(shí)驗(yàn)組6只,輸尿管鏡下植入可降解支架管;對照組4只,輸尿管鏡下植入聚氨酯支架。分別于支架植入后第2、4、6、8、10周進(jìn)行血肌酐、尿液檢測,同時(shí)行腎盂分泌造影檢查評價(jià)支架管降解情況、腎臟積水及腎臟功能受損情況。10周后采用麻醉過量處死動(dòng)物,取出腎臟、輸尿管及膀胱,評價(jià)支架管的組織相容性。 結(jié)果: 1.支架呈白色,長度15~20cm,內(nèi)徑約1.5mm,外徑約2.0mm,具有一定的韌性和記憶性,彎曲后不會(huì)折斷。電鏡掃描見支架管由直徑不等的纖維絲構(gòu)成,纖維直徑約在60nm~1200nm之間。纖維絲無規(guī)則排列,相互交織成網(wǎng)狀,,網(wǎng)孔直徑約在50~180um之間。不同比例PCL/PLGA電鏡下結(jié)構(gòu)基本相近。拉伸性能檢測結(jié)果,隨著PCL比例的增加,支架管的斷裂強(qiáng)度逐漸增大,且各種比例PCL/PLGA斷裂強(qiáng)度的差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(p0.05)。 2.體外降解實(shí)驗(yàn)證實(shí)三種不同質(zhì)量比PCL/PLGA支架管的降解曲線均近似直線,其中5%PCL/PLGA降解至第28天時(shí)崩解成小塊;15%PCL/PLGA第42天時(shí)崩解成小塊,而25%PCL/PLGA第56天時(shí)崩解成小塊。 3.MTT結(jié)果:陰性對照組與各種濃度浸提液組及各種濃度浸提液組之間吸光度無明顯差異(P0.05),但均顯著高于陽性對照組(P0.05)。實(shí)驗(yàn)組中僅1:4組毒性為1級(jí),其余各種比例毒性為0級(jí),苯酚對照組毒性為4級(jí)。組織相容性研究顯示:術(shù)后1周,材料與肌肉交界可見大量炎細(xì)胞浸潤,并可見較多單核巨細(xì)胞,炎細(xì)胞厚度約1mm;術(shù)后4周,炎細(xì)胞明顯減少,炎細(xì)胞厚度明顯變薄,層數(shù)變少,仍可見單核巨細(xì)胞,交界面可見纖維化;12周時(shí)僅見少量炎細(xì)胞位于交界處,而纖維化程度較4周時(shí)無明顯增加;對照組1周、4周時(shí)組織學(xué)表現(xiàn)與實(shí)驗(yàn)組相似,12周時(shí)肌肉組織與材料界面纖維化明顯,纖維層較實(shí)驗(yàn)組厚。 4.動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果:所有支架管植入順利,位置良好,無輸尿管穿孔、剝脫及嚴(yán)重出血等并發(fā)癥。兩組動(dòng)物血清肌酐變化的差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(p0.05)。在尿液常規(guī)動(dòng)態(tài)觀察中,兩組動(dòng)物的尿PH值差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(p0.05),對照組尿液中白細(xì)胞在第8、10周顯著高于實(shí)驗(yàn)組(p0.05)。術(shù)后2周支架管長度及顯影強(qiáng)度未見明顯變化;術(shù)后6周4例支架管降解長度近原長度二分之一;術(shù)后8周4例支架管完全降解,術(shù)后10周全部支架降解。對照組1例術(shù)后第10周出現(xiàn)支架管表面結(jié)石形成。腎盂分泌造影示術(shù)后2周實(shí)驗(yàn)組5例出現(xiàn)不同程度腎臟積水,至10周末支架降解后僅1例存在輕度腎臟積水,兩組動(dòng)物在第8周及10周積水評分差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.05)。兩組動(dòng)物腎臟功能損害情況差異僅在第8周有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.05)。支架植入10周后,動(dòng)物處死后,剖開標(biāo)本見腎盂內(nèi)、輸尿管管腔及膀胱內(nèi)未見支架管碎塊殘留。實(shí)驗(yàn)組動(dòng)物腎臟及輸尿管組織學(xué)改變評分為0-1分,而對照組中有2例動(dòng)物組織學(xué)評分分別為2、3分,對照組動(dòng)物腎盂及輸尿管上段組織學(xué)評分明顯高于實(shí)驗(yàn)組(p0.05),而輸尿管中、下段及膀胱組織學(xué)評分在兩組動(dòng)物間無顯著差異(p0.05)。 結(jié)論: 電紡絲工藝可制備具有納米結(jié)構(gòu)的輸尿管支架管,PCL/PLGA支架管具有較好的力學(xué)性能,且隨PCL含量的增高支架管的斷裂強(qiáng)度逐漸增強(qiáng)。不同比例PCL/PLGA支架管體外降解時(shí)間約4-10周,其中15%及25%PCL/PLGA兩種支架管的降解時(shí)間分別為6和8周,可滿足臨床對輸尿管支架管引流時(shí)間的需求;PCL/PLGA支架管未見細(xì)胞毒性,且具有較好的組織相容性;雙噴頭電紡絲工藝可制備由遠(yuǎn)端向近端降解的PCL/PLGA支架管,動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)研究證實(shí)了PCL/PLGA支架管的可由遠(yuǎn)端向近端降解的降解模式,充分引流尿液,較少引起腎臟積水、腎功能改變及尿路上皮組織學(xué)改變,可用于替代傳統(tǒng)輸尿管支架管。
[Abstract]:The traditional ureteral stent indwelling presence only after cystoscopy removed, bladder irritation, infection, such problems as hematuria and stone formation. With the degradation of polymer materials can be widely used in medical field, researchers have tried to study the biodegradable ureteral stent, but there are still controllable degradation time difference, surface roughness bad, biocompatibility and degradation process in stent heterogeneous degradation of ureteral obstruction caused by such problems. Therefore, the matrix material stent selection, design process and degradation model is currently the main problems in this field need to be solved:
Objective to evaluate the microstructure, degradation time, mechanical properties and biocompatibility of a new ureteral stent which can be degraded from the distal to the proximal end, and to evaluate the drainage effect and in situ histocompatibility of the stent in pig model.
1. the polycaprolactone (PCL) and polylactic glycolic acid (PLGA) in the ratio (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%) were dissolved in chloroform, with 5% of the solution, using a single nozzle electrospinning preparation of PCL/PLGA ureteral stents were detected. The fracture strength of tube the proportion of bracket tensile tester.
2. in vitro degradation research: 5%, 10%, 15% and three mass ratio of the stent cut growth of about 1cm pieces, vacuum drying, weighing; were immersed in human urine and placed in a constant temperature of 37 DEG C oscillator, the urine replaced once a day, according to the immersion time were 7,14,21,28,35,42,49,56 days out of 3 parallel samples. The morphology and measurement of the residual weight.
3. in the study on the biocompatibility and cell toxicity testing in vitro by MTT method, the Hela cell line, 25%PCL/PLGA stent cut growth of about 2mm pieces, was used as extraction medium with serum-free cell culture, leaching solution concentration is 0.2g/ml, the extract with cell culture medium dilution proportion is 1:2,1:4,1:8,1:16,1:32 five kinds of concentration, using phenol as positive control, negative control liquid of cultured cells, detection of 492nm absorbance. The tissue biocompatibility, the material is embedded in the back of rabbit muscle on both sides, with 6F polyurethane ureteral stent as control group, respectively at 1 weeks after implantation, 4 weeks, 12 weeks of animal. Histological observation.
4. animal experiment: 15% and 25%PCL/PLGA as raw materials, using double nozzle was prepared by the distal to the proximal ureteral stent degradation. The experimental animal for Landrace, a total of 10, experimental group 6, ureteroscopic implantation of biodegradable stent; the control group 4, ureteroscopic implantation of polyurethane stent. The blood creatinine, in stent implantation after 2,4,6,8,10 weeks respectively urine test, and pelvic secretion angiography in evaluating stent degradation, hydronephrosis and renal function damage after.10 weeks by anesthesia overdose killed animal, remove the kidney, ureter and bladder tissue, evaluation of stent biocompatibility.
Result錛

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