本文選題：3D打印 + 激光快速成型��； 參考：《吉林大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：研究背景:牙列缺損或牙列缺失嚴重影響人民群眾身體健康,隨著人口老齡化的加速,目前我國無牙頜患者已達1500萬,牙列缺損患者已超3億人。提供舒適安全,恢復咀嚼效率高的義齒修復方式,是迫在眉睫的課題。隨著社會經濟的發(fā)展和科學技術的進步,人們對生活質量要求不斷提高,種植義齒修復成為口腔修復的首選。與傳統(tǒng)義齒修復方式相比,它具有不破壞口腔余留牙、美觀舒適、恢復咀嚼效率高的優(yōu)點,但仍存在許多不足。目前臨床應用的牙種植體多為進口,價格昂貴,加工方式均為精密鑄造加工,形態(tài)尺寸規(guī)格劃一,無法滿足個性化及特殊患者需求,鑄造精度及骨整合效率有待進一步提高,且當前的種植義齒修復多為二次植入,需要患者拔牙后三至六個月行二次手術,不僅在等待拔牙創(chuàng)愈合過程中喪失了寶貴的骨量,而且延長療程,增加了患者痛苦。因此如何實現個性化即刻種植是種植義齒修復的發(fā)展方向。3D打印技術的出現為實現個性化即刻種植提供了可能。它是伴隨計算機科學、精密加工技術的進步而出現的快速增材技術,具有精密、快速、個性化、定制化的特點,被認為是推動第三次工業(yè)革命的核心技術,一經出現即成為生物醫(yī)學、航空航天、材料學等眾多領域的研究熱點。研究目的:應用3D打印激光快速成型技術制備出鈦合金牙種植體并探討其機械性能,為利用3D打印快速成型技術制備個性化牙種植體提供依據。研究方法:在計算機上利用CATIA三維模型設計軟件建立牙種植體模型及其X射線衍射實驗試件、X射線能譜分析實驗試件、顯微硬度實驗試件、金相顯微鏡下觀察實驗試件的模型,并按照國家標準設計出拉伸試件模型,應用3D打印激光快速成型技術和TC4鈦合金粉末,設定好打印參數,制備出直徑為4.1mm×13mm的圓柱型鈦合金種植體,10.0mm×10.0mm×1.0mm的X射線衍射實驗試件、X射線能譜分析實驗試件、顯微硬度實驗試件和顯微硬度觀察試件,及原標距長度55m m,平行長度75mm,寬10mm,厚2mm的拉伸實驗試件。通過X射線衍射(XRD)實驗分析3D打印鈦合金種植牙的材料相組成,通過能量色散X射線光譜(EDS)實驗定量分析3D打印鈦合金種植牙的材料化學組成并與原粉體相比較與分析,在金相顯微鏡下觀察3D打印鈦合金種植體的組織形貌并將退火前和退火后的組織形貌進行比較,利用顯微硬度測試儀測試其硬度范圍,利用微機控制電子式萬能試驗機檢測材料的機械性能并與國家金屬材料拉伸性能標準比較,然后在掃描電鏡下觀察拉伸斷面的形貌。研究結果3D打印TC4鈦合金實驗試件的XRD實驗結果可見XRD曲線中只有第一個峰為β相組成,而且峰較小,其余峰均為α相組成;EDS實驗結果顯示3D打印鈦合金試件中元素含量(質量分數)分別為90.74%Ti、5.59%Al、和3.67%V,與原粉體成分基本一致;3D打印激光快速成型鈦合金材料試件金相顯微鏡下觀察到退火前和退火后3D打印鈦合金均為典型的網籃狀結構,退火后的顯微結構則比退火前更加均勻;顯微硬度試驗結果顯示3D打印鈦合金材料試件的維氏硬度范圍是372.93~428.46HV。拉伸試驗結果顯示3D打印鈦合金材料標準試件的拉伸強度為(1821.7±146.1)MPa,屈服強度為(1355.9±109.6)MPa,延伸率為(31.3±1.7)%,其機械性能符合國家種植牙材料醫(yī)用標準;掃描電鏡下觀察3D打印鈦合金材料試件斷面形貌,可見試件斷面密布了大小不一的韌窩,為典型的韌性斷裂。結論:利用3D打印快速成型技術和TC4鈦合金粉末制備出的材料具有良好的機械性能,能夠滿足醫(yī)學牙種植體的材料要求�？朔鞣N細節(jié)問題后,該技術有望在牙種植體的制備和個性化即刻種植領域廣泛應用。
[Abstract]:Background: dentition defect or dentition deletion seriously affects the health of the people. With the accelerated aging of the population, there are 15 million odonless patients in China and 300 million patients with dentition defects. It is an urgent task to provide comfortable and safe and chewable denture restoration. With the development of social economy and economic development, With the progress of science and technology, people have improved the quality of life, and the implant prosthesis has become the first choice in oral repair. Compared with the traditional denture repair method, it has the advantages of not destroying the mouth remaining teeth, beautiful and comfortable, and restoring the chewing efficiency, but there are still many imfeet. At present, the dental implants are mostly imported and priced at present. Expensive, processing methods are precision casting processing, shape and size specification is one, can not meet the needs of personalized and special patients, casting precision and bone integration efficiency needs to be further improved, and the current implant denture is two implantation, three to six months after the extraction of dental extraction, two operations, not only waiting for tooth extraction wound healing It has lost precious bone mass, extended the course of treatment, and increased the sufferings. Therefore, how to realize individualized immediate planting is the development direction of denture restoration, the emergence of.3D printing technology provides the possibility to realize individualized immediate planting. It is a rapid increasing technique with the progress of computer science and fine processing technology. Operation, with the characteristics of precision, speed, individuation and customization, is considered as the core technology to promote the third industrial revolution. Once it appears, it becomes a hot spot in many fields, such as biomedicine, aeronautics and Astronautics, materials science and so on. The purpose of this study is to prepare titanium alloy dental implants by 3D printing laser rapid forming technology and explore its mechanical properties. It provides a basis for the preparation of individual dental implants by using 3D printing rapid prototyping technology. On the computer, CATIA 3D model design software is used to establish dental implants model and X ray diffraction test specimen, X ray energy spectrum analysis test specimen, microhardness test specimen, and metallographic microscope to observe the model of experimental specimen The tensile specimen model was designed according to the national standard. The laser rapid prototyping technology and TC4 titanium alloy powder were printed by 3D, and the printing parameters were set. The cylindrical titanium alloy implants with a diameter of 4.1mm x 13mm were prepared, the X ray diffraction experimental specimens of 10.0mm * 10.0mm x 1.0mm, the X ray energy spectrum analysis test specimen, and the microhardness test test were tested. The specimen and the microhardness test specimen, the tensile experimental specimen with the length of 55m m, the parallel length 75mm, the wide 10mm, and the thick 2mm are tested by the X ray diffraction (XRD) experiment to analyze the material phase composition of the implanted teeth of the 3D printing titanium alloy. The chemical composition of the material of the 3D printing titanium alloy implant teeth is quantitatively analyzed by the energy dispersive X ray spectroscopy (EDS) and the raw materials are analyzed by the energy dispersive X ray spectroscopy (EDS). The microstructure of 3D titanium alloy implants was observed under metallographic microscope and compared with the microstructure before and after annealing. The hardness range was measured by the microhardness tester, and the mechanical properties of the material were detected by the microcomputer controlled electronic universal testing machine and the tensile property of the metal material. It can be compared, and then the morphology of the tensile section is observed under the scanning electron microscope. The results of XRD experiment of 3D print TC4 titanium alloy experimental specimen show that only the first peak in the XRD curve is composed of beta phase, and the peak is small, and the other peaks are all alpha phase composition; the result of EDS experiment shows the element content (mass fraction) in the 3D printing titanium alloy specimen. 90.74%Ti, 5.59%Al, and 3.67%V are basically the same as the original powder, and the 3D printing laser rapid prototyping titanium alloy specimens are observed under the metallographic microscope that the 3D printing titanium alloy is a typical net basket structure before and after the annealing, and the microstructure after annealing is more uniform than that before the annealing; the microhardness test results show 3D beating. The Vivtorinox hardness range of the test piece of imprinted titanium alloy material is 372.93~428.46HV. tensile test results show that the tensile strength of the standard specimen of 3D printing titanium alloy material is (1821.7 + 146.1) MPa, the yield strength is (1355.9 + 109.6) MPa, and the elongation is (31.3 + 1.7)%. The mechanical properties conform to the medical standard of the national dental implant material; the scanning electron microscope is used to observe the 3D The cross section of the specimen of titanium alloy material is printed, and the fracture surface of the specimen is shown to be a typical ductile fracture. Conclusion: the materials prepared by 3D printing rapid prototyping and TC4 titanium alloy powder have good mechanical properties, and can meet the material requirements of medical dental implants. The technology is expected to be widely applied in the field of dental implants preparation and personalized instant planting.

【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：R783.6

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