【摘要】：[背景]恐懼是應(yīng)對(duì)危險(xiǎn)環(huán)境的一種情感反應(yīng)。驚恐障礙患者的情緒認(rèn)知過(guò)程(包括恐慌-威脅的信息處理過(guò)程)是與正常人不同的。在非言語(yǔ)信息中,面部表情是他人情緒情感的外在表現(xiàn),人們往往根據(jù)面部表情就可以快速判斷他人的內(nèi)在情緒狀態(tài)。面部情緒識(shí)別在社會(huì)生活中扮演著重要的角色,正確的識(shí)別他人的面部情緒是一項(xiàng)重要的社會(huì)交際技能。有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：驚恐障礙患者對(duì)悲傷和憤怒的面部情緒的識(shí)別準(zhǔn)確度顯著低于健康對(duì)照組。伴有社交恐懼癥的驚恐障礙患者對(duì)于具有安全感的面部情緒表現(xiàn)出認(rèn)知偏倚,如快樂(lè)的面部情緒。但有的研究沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)驚恐障礙患者存在面部情緒認(rèn)知缺陷。并且所有的研究均沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)驚恐障礙患者存在恐懼相關(guān)情緒識(shí)別的異常表現(xiàn)。 目前關(guān)于驚恐障礙患者面部情緒識(shí)別特點(diǎn)的研究主要存在以下一些不足。(1)研究者使用的面部情緒識(shí)別工具是不一致的。(2)有的研究樣本量較小(僅6例驚恐障礙患者)。(3)上述所有的研究均沒(méi)有將蔑視的面部情緒作為研究工具,有研究已經(jīng)證明蔑視的面部情緒同憤怒、厭惡、恐懼、悲傷一樣,是一種獨(dú)立的面部情緒類型。蔑視的面部情緒的特征是拒絕和社交上貶低他人。那些帶有蔑視情緒人經(jīng)常顯示出對(duì)他人的過(guò)度控制行為,且經(jīng)常表示出憤怒的情緒。 [目的]鑒于此,我們采用日本人和白人面部情緒系統(tǒng)(Japanese and Caucasianfacial expressions of emotion, JACFEE)研究驚恐障礙患者和正常人對(duì)包括蔑視在內(nèi)的7種面部情緒識(shí)別準(zhǔn)確度、強(qiáng)度判斷的差別。 [方法] 1.對(duì)象 1.1驚恐障礙組 我們選取了根據(jù)美國(guó)精神病協(xié)會(huì)《精神障礙診斷和統(tǒng)計(jì)手冊(cè)》第四版修訂版(DSM-IV-TR)診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)確診的21例驚恐障礙患者(女11例,男10例)作為研究組,年齡26.74±6.74歲。 1.2正常對(duì)照組 我們選取了34例健康志愿者(女20例,男14例),均來(lái)自普通學(xué)生或者是來(lái)自普通人群中的有償志愿者,年齡26.76±9.10歲。 2.程序 利用JACFEE的憤怒、蔑視、厭惡、恐懼、快樂(lè)、悲傷、驚訝等7種面部情緒作為測(cè)量工具。讓被試對(duì)每一種面部情緒進(jìn)行識(shí)別分類和強(qiáng)度判斷。 3.統(tǒng)計(jì)分析 對(duì)于每組的7種面部情緒識(shí)別準(zhǔn)確度的結(jié)果和強(qiáng)度判斷結(jié)果采用多因素方差分析方法,發(fā)現(xiàn)有顯著差異時(shí),post hoc采用獨(dú)立t檢驗(yàn)方法檢驗(yàn)組間差異；對(duì)正確報(bào)告和錯(cuò)誤報(bào)告得分采用卡方檢驗(yàn)。 [結(jié)果]兩組被試年齡、性別差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。7種面部情緒的正確識(shí)別度的統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果顯示,驚恐障礙患者對(duì)于恐懼(0.47±0.28)和厭惡(0.57±0.35)的面部情緒的正確識(shí)別度顯著低于健康對(duì)照組,而對(duì)驚訝(0.91+0.09)的面部情緒的正確識(shí)別度顯著高于健康對(duì)照組。正確報(bào)告和錯(cuò)誤報(bào)告得分的統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果顯示,與健康對(duì)照組相比較,顯然有更多的驚恐障礙患者對(duì)于驚訝的面部情緒做出了正確識(shí)別(x2=5.29,P0.05)。7種面部情緒的強(qiáng)度判斷的統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果顯示,兩組并無(wú)顯著統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異。 [結(jié)論]驚恐障礙患者對(duì)恐懼、厭惡的面部情緒識(shí)別的準(zhǔn)確度低于正常人,對(duì)驚訝的面部情緒識(shí)別的準(zhǔn)確性高于正常人,在強(qiáng)度判別上無(wú)差異,可能與其避免驚恐發(fā)作的自我意識(shí)機(jī)制的觸發(fā)有關(guān)。
[Abstract]:[Background] Fear is an emotional response to a dangerous environment. The emotional cognitive processes of panic disorder patients (including the processing of panic-threat information) are different from those of normal people. Facial emotion recognition plays an important role in social life. Recognizing other people's facial emotions correctly is an important social communication skill. Some studies have found that panic disorder patients have significantly lower recognition accuracy of sad and angry facial emotions than healthy controls. Some studies did not find facial emotional cognitive deficits in panic disorder patients, and all studies did not find abnormal fear-related emotional recognition in panic disorder patients.
At present, there are some deficiencies in the study of facial emotion recognition in panic disorder patients. (1) The facial emotion recognition tools used by researchers are inconsistent. (2) The sample size of some studies is small (only 6 panic disorder patients). (3) All of the above studies have not used the facial emotion of contempt as a research tool. It has been proven that facial contempt is an independent type of facial emotion, like anger, disgust, fear, and sadness.
[Objective] In view of this, we used the Japanese and Caucasian facial expressions of emotion (JACFEE) to study the differences in facial emotion recognition accuracy and intensity judgment between panic disorder patients and normal people.
[method]
1. objects
1.1 panic disorder group
Twenty-one patients (11 women and 10 men) with panic disorder diagnosed according to the diagnostic criteria of the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR) were selected as the study group, aged 26.74 (+6.74).
1.2 normal control group
Thirty-four healthy volunteers (20 females and 14 males) aged 26.76 [9.10] were selected. All of them were students or paid volunteers from the general population.
2. program
JACFEE was used to measure seven facial emotions, including anger, disdain, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness and surprise. Subjects were asked to identify, classify and judge the intensity of each facial emotion.
3. statistical analysis
For each group, the results of 7 kinds of facial emotion recognition accuracy and intensity judgment were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance. When significant differences were found, the post hoc used independent t test to test the differences between groups, and the correct report and false report scores were tested by chi-square test.
[Results] There was no significant difference in age and gender between the two groups. The correct recognition of facial emotions of panic disorder patients was significantly lower than that of the healthy control group. The correct recognition of facial emotions of panic disorder patients was significantly lower than that of the healthy control group. The results of correct report and false report showed that more panic disorder patients correctly recognized the facial emotions of surprise (x2 = 5.29, P 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups.
[Conclusion] The recognition accuracy of fear and aversion facial emotions in patients with panic disorder is lower than that of normal people, and the recognition accuracy of surprise facial emotions is higher than that of normal people. There is no difference in intensity discrimination, which may be related to the triggering of self-consciousness mechanism to avoid panic attacks.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：R749.7

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本文編號(hào)：2232536