【摘要】：目的了解農(nóng)村地區(qū)兒童抑郁狀況及留守狀態(tài)對(duì)抑郁的影響，為進(jìn)一步開展針對(duì)性干預(yù)措施提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。 方法運(yùn)用兒童抑郁量表（CDI）、家庭功能量表(APGAR)、生活質(zhì)量量表（QOL）、特質(zhì)應(yīng)對(duì)問卷(TCSQ)、親子沖突策略量表(SPC)及自編問卷等對(duì)安徽省某農(nóng)村地區(qū)中小學(xué)生進(jìn)行身心健康狀況與相關(guān)生活經(jīng)歷調(diào)查，了解留守兒童抑郁狀況，并對(duì)其抑郁的影響因素進(jìn)行多因素logistic回歸分析。 結(jié)果共計(jì)調(diào)查3169人，實(shí)際有效應(yīng)答2917人，有效應(yīng)答率92.0%。農(nóng)村兒童抑郁癥狀檢出率10.4%，留守兒童抑郁癥狀檢出率為12.1%，高于非留守兒童的8.0%（2=12.754，P0.01）。不同監(jiān)護(hù)類型的抑郁癥狀檢出率之間差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（2=21.982，P0.01）；以同輩(20.8%)和親戚(19.4%)監(jiān)護(hù)抑郁癥狀檢出率最高。兒童家庭功能總分與兒童抑郁量表（CDI）得分呈負(fù)相關(guān)（Spearmanr=-0.421,P0.01）。消極應(yīng)對(duì)與CDI得分呈正相關(guān)(Spearman r＝0.486，P0.01)；積極應(yīng)對(duì)得分與CDI得分呈負(fù)相關(guān)(Spearman r＝-0.356，P0.01)。留守兒童忽視報(bào)告率（70.2%）高于非留守兒童（63.5%），差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（2=14.322，P0.001）；留守兒童軀體虐待、輕度、中度軀體虐待報(bào)告率低于非留守兒童，差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（2=14.787，P0.001）、（2=8.828，P=0.003）、（2=17.274，P0.001）。多因素logistic回歸分析顯示留守兒童中，家庭功能、忽視、軀體虐待、學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)、老師關(guān)心、經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況、同伴關(guān)系是其抑郁的重要影響因素；家庭功能障礙、存在忽視、軀體虐待、學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)差、同伴關(guān)系不大親密的留守兒童抑郁檢出率較高；而在非留守兒童中，家庭功能、忽視、學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)是其抑郁的重要影響因素。 結(jié)論該地區(qū)留守兒童抑郁檢出率高于非留守兒童，兒童抑郁的發(fā)生是多種因素綜合作用的結(jié)果，，應(yīng)該針對(duì)影響因素采取有效的干預(yù)措施，減少兒童尤其是留守兒童抑郁的發(fā)生。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the depression status of children in rural areas and the influence of left behind state on depression, and to provide scientific basis for further targeted intervention. Methods Children's Depression scale (CDI), Family function scale (APGAR), quality of Life scale (QOL), trait coping questionnaire (TCSQ), Parent-Child conflict Strategy scale (SPC) and self-designed questionnaire were used to evaluate the physical and mental health of primary and middle school students in a rural area of Anhui Province. A survey of life experiences, Objective: to investigate the depression status of children left behind and to analyze the influencing factors of depression by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 3169 people were investigated and 2917 effective responses were obtained, and the effective response rate was 92.0%. The detectable rate of depressive symptoms of rural children was 10.4, and that of left-behind children was 12.1cm, which was higher than that of non-left-behind children (8.0%) (2 / 12.754 / P0.01). There were significant differences in the prevalence of depressive symptoms among different types of monitoring (20.982P0.01), and the highest rates of depressive symptoms were observed in the peer group (20.8%) and relatives (19.4%). There was a negative correlation between the total score of children's family function and the score of Child Depression scale (Spearmanr-0.421, P0.01). There was a positive correlation between negative coping and CDI score (Spearman rn 0.486, P0.01), and a negative correlation between positive coping score and CDI score (Spearman r-0.356, P0.01). The report rate of neglect in left-behind children (70.2%) was significantly higher than that in non-left-behind children (63.5%), the difference was statistically significant (20.32%), and the reported rate of physical abuse in left-behind children was significantly lower than that in non-left-behind children (P 0.001, P 0.001, 28.828P0.001, 28.828P0.003), (, 17.274p0.001), and the reported rate of physical abuse in left-behind children was significantly lower than that in non-left-behind children (P 0.001, 28.828P0.001, 28.828P0.003), (, 17.274p0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that family function, neglect, physical abuse, academic achievement, teachers' concern, financial status, peer relationship were the important factors of depression in left-behind children, and family dysfunction, neglect and physical abuse were important factors. The depression rate of left-behind children with poor academic achievement and less intimate peer relationship was higher, while in non-left-behind children, family function, neglect and academic achievement were the important influencing factors of depression. Conclusion the incidence of depression in children left behind in this area is higher than that in non-left-behind children. The occurrence of depression in children is the result of multiple factors. Effective intervention measures should be taken to reduce the incidence of depression in children, especially those left behind.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：R749.4

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