本文選題：吸毒 + 海洛因�。� 參考：《安徽醫(yī)科大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的：毒品進入機體后可致多系統(tǒng)發(fā)生病變。吸毒人員普遍存在消化道癥狀,影響吸毒人員的營養(yǎng)狀況,營養(yǎng)不良發(fā)生率高。營養(yǎng)不良可影響吸毒人員的康復治療和導致復吸。因此,全面了解和評估吸毒人員的營養(yǎng)狀況,給予營養(yǎng)支持促進吸毒人員的康復具有重要的意義。另一方面,生長激素釋放肽(Ghrelin)和瘦素(Leptin)是兩種參與機體能量代謝的激素,兩者的變化均可影響機體的營養(yǎng)狀況。因此本研究通過調(diào)查100名吸毒人員臨床資料和消化道癥狀發(fā)生情況,評估吸毒人員的營養(yǎng)狀況,同時檢測吸毒人員血清Ghrelin和Leptin水平,以探討吸毒人員發(fā)生營養(yǎng)不良有關(guān)機制,為戒毒治療提供新思路。 方法：采用精神活性物質(zhì)濫用者基本情況調(diào)查表、簡易營養(yǎng)評價法(MNA)對100名吸毒人員進行問卷調(diào)查和營養(yǎng)評價,同時采用問卷形式調(diào)查吸毒人員的消化道癥狀。利用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附法(ELISA)檢測100名吸毒人員和25名對照組血清中Ghrelin和Leptin水平。 結(jié)果：100名吸毒人員中,60名海洛因吸食者,40名冰毒吸食者。60名海洛因吸食者中燙吸23例,肌肉注射10例,靜脈注射27例；吸食時間為12-158月；在消化道癥狀中,便秘53例(88.3%),嘔吐50例(83.3%),腹瀉38例(63.3%),腹脹15例(25%),腹痛20例(33.3%)；利用MNA評估發(fā)現(xiàn),營養(yǎng)不良者40例(66.7%),存在營養(yǎng)不良風險者19例(31.7%),營養(yǎng)良好者1例(1.6%)。40名冰毒吸食者中采用冰壺吸食；吸食時間為2-40月；在消化道癥狀中,嘔吐18例(45.0%),腹瀉11例(27.5%),腹痛9例(22.5%),腹脹16例(40.0%),便秘20例(50.0%)；利用MNA評價發(fā)現(xiàn),營養(yǎng)不良者24例(60.0%),存在營養(yǎng)不良風險者9例(22.5%),營養(yǎng)良好者7例(17.5%)。有無營養(yǎng)不良風險與吸毒方式、吸毒時間組間比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P0.05),與消化道癥狀、毒品的種類組間比較,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P0.05)。 吸毒人員血清Ghrelin水平低于對照組(640.49±93.57pg/ml vs1072.12±209.5pg/ml,p0.05);冰毒吸食組高于海洛因吸食組(p0.05)；無消化道癥狀組高于有消化道癥狀組(p0.05)；無營養(yǎng)不良組高于營養(yǎng)不良組(p0.05)無營養(yǎng)不良風險組高于存在營養(yǎng)不良風險組(p0.05)。 吸毒人員血清Leptin水平高于對照組(463.96±96.72pg/ml vs333.47±77.47pg/ml,p0.05)；海洛因吸食組高于冰毒吸食組(p0.05)；有消化道癥狀組高于無癥狀組(p0.05)；營養(yǎng)不良組于無營養(yǎng)不良組(p0.05)；存在營養(yǎng)不良風險組高于無營養(yǎng)不良風險組(p0.05)。不同吸毒方式和吸毒時間組間血Ghrelin和Leptin比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(p0.05)。 結(jié)論：100名吸毒人員有不同程度的消化道癥狀,多數(shù)存在營養(yǎng)不良和營養(yǎng)不良風險,提示吸毒人員進行營養(yǎng)評估和營養(yǎng)支持,促進康復治療,具有重要的意義。吸毒人員血清Ghrelin和1Leptin水平改變,提示可能參與吸毒人員營養(yǎng)不良的發(fā)生過程。
[Abstract]:Objective: drugs can cause multiple system lesions when they enter the body. The prevalence of digestive tract symptoms in drug addicts affects their nutritional status and the incidence of malnutrition is high. Malnutrition can affect the rehabilitation of drug addicts and lead to relapse. Therefore, comprehensive understanding and evaluation of the nutritional status of drug addicts, nutritional support to promote the rehabilitation of drug addicts has important significance. On the other hand, growth hormone releasing peptide (ghrelin) and leptin (Leptin) are two hormones involved in energy metabolism. Therefore, this study investigated the clinical data and digestive tract symptoms of 100 drug addicts, assessed the nutritional status of drug addicts, and detected the serum levels of Ghrelin and Leptin in drug addicts in order to explore the mechanism of malnutrition among drug addicts. To provide new ideas for drug treatment. Methods: the questionnaire of psychoactive substance abusers and the simple nutrition evaluation method MNAwere used to investigate the symptoms of digestive tract of 100 drug addicts. The serum levels of Ghrelin and Leptin were measured by Elisa in 100 drug addicts and 25 controls. Results among the 100 drug addicts, 60 heroin addicts and 40 methamphetamine addicts. Among the 60 heroin addicts, 23 were burned, 10 were injected intramuscularly and 27 were injected intravenously. The smoking time was 12-158 months. There were 53 cases with constipation, 50 cases with vomiting, 38 cases with diarrhea and 63.3%, 15 cases with abdominal distension and 25 cases with abdominal pain, 20 cases with abdominal pain, 40 cases with malnutrition, 19 cases with risk of malnutrition, and 1 case with good nutrition. The smoking time was 2-40 months, among which 18 cases had vomiting, 11 cases had diarrhea, 9 cases had abdominal pain, 9 cases had abdominal pain, 16 cases had abdominal distension and 40.0m, 20 cases had constipation, 24 cases had malnutrition, 9 cases had malnutrition risk, 7 cases had good nutrition, 7 cases had good nutrition, 20 cases had constipation, 24 cases had malnutrition, 9 cases had malnutrition risk, and 7 cases had good nutrition. There was no significant difference in the risk of malnutrition and drug use, and there was no significant difference in drug use time group (P 0.05), but there was significant difference between the groups with digestive tract symptoms and drug types (P 0.05). The serum Ghrelin level of drug addicts was lower than that of control group (640.49 鹵209.5pg / ml 路ml / ml), the level of meth addiction was higher than that of heroin addicts (P 0.05), the digestive tract symptom group was higher than that of digestive tract symptom group (P 0.05), the malnutrition group was higher than that of malnutrition group (p 0.05) and the risk group of malnutrition was higher than that of non-dystrophy group (P < 0.05). In the group with malnutrition risk, p0.05. The serum Leptin level of drug addicts was higher than that of the control group (463.96 鹵77.47pg / ml), the heroin group was higher than the meth addiction group (P 0.05), the digestive tract symptom group was higher than the asymptomatic group (p 0.05), the malnutrition group was higher than that of the control group (p 0.05), and the risk group of malnutrition was higher than that of the non-malnutrition risk group (P 0.05). There was no significant difference in blood Ghrelin and Leptin between different drug use methods and drug use time groups (P 0.05). Conclusion 100 drug addicts have different digestive tract symptoms, and most of them have malnutrition and malnutrition risk, which suggests that it is important for drug addicts to carry out nutritional evaluation and nutritional support and promote rehabilitation treatment. The changes of serum Ghrelin and 1Leptin levels suggest that drug addicts may be involved in the process of malnutrition.
【學位授予單位】：安徽醫(yī)科大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R749.64

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