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大理地區(qū)小兒肺炎呼吸道九種病原體檢測(cè)及意義

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-10-14 13:00
【摘要】:目的:通過(guò)對(duì)在大理州醫(yī)院兒科就診治療的小兒肺炎的病原學(xué)檢測(cè)結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析,了解大理地區(qū)小兒肺炎的病原學(xué)流行情況,指導(dǎo)臨床合理用藥。方法:對(duì)276例肺炎患兒在疾病初期,采用間接免疫熒光法測(cè)定五種呼吸道病毒:呼吸道合胞病毒(Respiratorysyncytialvirus,RSV)、甲型流感病毒(InfluenzaAvirus,IFVA)、乙型流感病毒(InfluenzaBvirus,IFVB)及副流感病毒(Parainfluenzavirus,PIV)、腺病毒(Adenovirus,ADV);四種非典型病原體包括:肺炎支原體(mycoplasmapneumonia,MP)、肺炎衣原體(Chlamydiapneumonia,CPn)、嗜肺軍團(tuán)菌1型(Legionellapneumopilatype1,LP1)、Q熱立克次體(Richettsiaquery,QFR)共九種病原的抗體。檢查結(jié)果的例數(shù),用SPSS13.0軟件包進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)處理,通過(guò)卡方檢驗(yàn),比較九種病原體在不同年齡組的流行情況以及與季節(jié)、居住地、性別相關(guān)的流行特點(diǎn)。 結(jié)果:在受檢的276例患兒中,病原體抗體呈陽(yáng)性的有121例,占43.8%(121/276);其中呼吸道病毒抗體陽(yáng)性25例,,占9.1%(25/276);單項(xiàng)五種常見(jiàn)呼吸道病毒占6.9%(19/276),并以乙型流感病毒為主,占4.3%(12/276)。非典型病原體抗體陽(yáng)性的有58例,占21.0%(58/276),單項(xiàng)四種非典型病原體抗體陽(yáng)性為54例,占19.6%(54/276),其中以支原體為主,占18.8%(52/276)。38例混合感染(病毒和非典型病原體的混合感染)中,以肺炎支原體合并其他病毒感染為主,占10.9%(30/276)。病毒、非典型病原體及混合感染在嬰兒組、幼兒組、兒童組之間差異顯著,具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.05)。嬰兒組病毒檢出率高于幼兒組、兒童組(P0.05);病毒、非典型病原體及混合感染在夏秋及冬春季的流行有差異,表現(xiàn)為冬春季高于夏秋季(P0.05);病毒、非典型病原體及混合感染的分布與居住地域有關(guān),城鎮(zhèn)的患兒,非典型病原體及混合感染高于農(nóng)村,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.05);病毒、非典型病原體及混合感染與患兒性別無(wú)關(guān)。病毒感染常見(jiàn)于冬春季,以1歲以下的嬰幼兒多見(jiàn),農(nóng)村并高于城鎮(zhèn);四種常見(jiàn)非典型病原體感染以支原體為主,混合感染以肺炎支原體合并其他病毒感染為主,均好發(fā)于冬春季,主要見(jiàn)于3歲以上的兒童,且城鎮(zhèn)高于農(nóng)村。 結(jié)論:1、大理地區(qū),五種常見(jiàn)呼吸道病毒、四種非典型病原體、病毒和非典型病原體混合感染在小兒肺炎的病原體中占有一定的比例,其中單項(xiàng)常見(jiàn)呼吸道病毒以乙型流感病毒感染為主。四種非典型病原體中,單項(xiàng)感染以肺炎支原體感染為主;旌细腥荆ú《竞头堑湫筒≡w的混合感染),肺炎支原體合并其他病毒感染占10.9%(30/276)。2、病毒、非典型病原體、病毒和非典型病原體的混合感染流行還與年齡、季節(jié)、居住地域有關(guān)。3、通過(guò)檢測(cè)呼吸道常見(jiàn)的九種病原體的IgM抗體可明確小兒肺炎五種病毒和四種非典型病原體在本地區(qū)感染情況,為臨床合理用藥提供指導(dǎo)性意義。
[Abstract]:Objective: to analyze the etiological detection results of pediatric pneumonia in Dali Hospital, to understand the etiological prevalence of pediatric pneumonia in Dali area, and to guide the rational use of drugs in clinic. Methods: five respiratory viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (Respiratorysyncytialvirus,RSV), influenza A virus (InfluenzaAvirus,IFVA), influenza B virus (InfluenzaBvirus,IFVB), parainfluenza virus (Parainfluenzavirus,PIV) and adenovirus (Adenovirus,ADV), were detected by indirect immunofluorescence assay in 276 children with pneumonia at the early stage of the disease, including respiratory syncytial virus (Respiratorysyncytialvirus,RSV), influenza A virus (InfluenzaAvirus,IFVA), influenza B virus (InfluenzaBvirus,IFVB) and parainfluenza virus (Parainfluenzavirus,PIV). Four types of atypical pathogens include mycoplasma pneumoniae (mycoplasmapneumonia,MP), chlamydia pneumoniae (Chlamydiapneumonia,CPn) and Legionella pneumophila type 1 (Richettsiaquery,QFR). The results were analyzed by SPSS13.0 software package and chi-square test was used to compare the prevalence of nine pathogens in different age groups and the epidemic characteristics related to season, residence and sex. Results: among 276 children tested, 121 (43.8%) were positive for pathogen antibody, 25 (9.1%) were positive for respiratory virus antibody (25 / 276), 6.9% (19 / 276) for single common respiratory virus, and 4.3% (12 / 276) for influenza B virus. There were 58 (21.0%) (58 / 276) of atypical pathogens positive, 54 (19.6%) (54 / 276) of single four atypical pathogens, in which mycoplasma accounted for 18.8% (52 / 276). 38 cases of mixed infections (virus and atypical pathogens). Mycoplasma pneumoniae combined with other viruses was the main infection, accounting for 10.9% (30 / 276). Virus, atypical pathogens and mixed infection were significantly different among infant group, infant group and child group (P0.05). The detection rate of infantile virus was higher than that of infant group (P0.05); the prevalence of virus, atypical pathogen and mixed infection in summer and autumn was higher than that in summer and autumn (P0.05). The distribution of atypical pathogens and mixed infections was related to the living area, the children in urban areas, atypical pathogens and mixed infections were significantly higher than those in rural areas (P0.05); viruses, atypical pathogens and mixed infections were not related to the gender of children. Virus infection was common in winter and spring, mostly in infants under one year old, in rural areas and higher than in urban areas, four common atypical pathogens were mainly mycoplasma, and mixed infections were mainly mycoplasma pneumoniae combined with other viruses. Both occurred in winter and spring, mainly in children over 3 years old, and higher in towns than in rural areas. Conclusion: 1. In Dali area, five common respiratory viruses, four atypical pathogens, and mixed infection of virus and atypical pathogen account for a certain proportion of the pathogens of pneumonia in children. One of the most common respiratory viruses is influenza B virus infection. Among the four atypical pathogens, the single infection was mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Mixed infection (mixed infection of virus and atypical pathogen), mycoplasma pneumoniae combined with other virus infection accounted for 10.9% (30 / 276). 2. Virus, atypical pathogen, virus and atypical pathogen of mixed infection prevalence also associated with age, season, By detecting the IgM antibodies of nine common pathogens in respiratory tract, the infection of five viruses and four atypical pathogens in children's pneumonia can be determined in this area, which provides guidance for rational use of drugs in clinic.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:大理學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】:R725.6

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