本文選題：6～24月齡 + 嬰幼兒��； 參考：《中國(guó)疾病預(yù)防控制中心》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：[背景]缺鐵性貧血為世界性的健康問題,發(fā)展中國(guó)家貧血狀況尤為嚴(yán)重。6-24月齡嬰幼兒為貧血的高發(fā)人群。多個(gè)國(guó)家對(duì)輔食營(yíng)養(yǎng)補(bǔ)充品的應(yīng)用研究表明,含有多種礦物質(zhì)和維生素的微量營(yíng)養(yǎng)素補(bǔ)充劑可起到與硫酸亞鐵同樣的補(bǔ)鐵作用,能夠有效防治2歲以下兒童貧血,可用于在貧血率高的地區(qū)開展社區(qū)干預(yù)以防治兒童貧血。我國(guó)關(guān)于微量營(yíng)養(yǎng)素補(bǔ)充劑的研究尚少,且多為以豆粉或乳粉為基底的營(yíng)養(yǎng)包。本研究旨在探討微量營(yíng)養(yǎng)素撒劑對(duì)改善我國(guó)嬰幼兒健康狀況的作用。 [目的]調(diào)查內(nèi)蒙古部分農(nóng)村地區(qū)嬰幼兒貧血的現(xiàn)狀及影響因素；研究微量營(yíng)養(yǎng)素撒劑對(duì)嬰幼兒貧血及其他健康狀況的改善作用,為我國(guó)西部地區(qū)進(jìn)行營(yíng)養(yǎng)群體干預(yù)提供依據(jù)。 [方法]本研究采用實(shí)驗(yàn)流行病學(xué)方法,通過多階段分層整群抽樣,在內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)莫力達(dá)瓦旗、鄂倫春旗、阿榮旗及扎蘭屯市隨機(jī)抽取1364名6～24月齡嬰幼兒及其家長(zhǎng)。將4個(gè)旗/縣隨機(jī)分為干預(yù)組和對(duì)照組�；�調(diào)查時(shí),對(duì)干預(yù)組和對(duì)照組6-24月齡嬰幼兒進(jìn)行體格測(cè)量和血紅蛋白測(cè)定；對(duì)其家長(zhǎng)進(jìn)行兒童基本情況及飲食喂養(yǎng)情況等問卷調(diào)查�；�調(diào)查之后,干預(yù)組除常規(guī)喂養(yǎng)之外,進(jìn)行微量營(yíng)養(yǎng)素撒劑補(bǔ)充,對(duì)照組僅常規(guī)喂養(yǎng)。4個(gè)月之后,對(duì)隨訪的干預(yù)組和對(duì)照組嬰幼兒及其家長(zhǎng)進(jìn)行終末調(diào)查,調(diào)查內(nèi)容同基線。應(yīng)用SPSS17.0軟件包對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行清理和統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。 [結(jié)果]1.內(nèi)蒙農(nóng)村地區(qū)6-24月齡嬰幼兒貧血率為45.0%。其中,6-11月齡嬰兒貧血率為55.2%,12-17月齡兒童貧血率為50.5%,18～24月齡組貧血率最低,為31.9%。月齡越小,貧血率越高。2.干預(yù)之后,干預(yù)組貧血率由基線的46.6%下降為37.5%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=11.376,P=0.001)；對(duì)照組貧血率由干預(yù)前的41.3%上升到47.0%(χ2=4.252,P=0.047)。一直及經(jīng)常服用微量營(yíng)養(yǎng)素的嬰幼兒貧血率改善好于偶爾服用的嬰幼兒；服用微量營(yíng)養(yǎng)素撒劑3個(gè)月及以上的嬰幼兒貧血率改善好于服用1-2個(gè)月的嬰幼兒。3.干預(yù)組2周上感患病率由基線調(diào)查的43.2%下降至終末的25.3%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=33.422,P=0.000)；對(duì)照組干預(yù)前后上感2周患病率差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義貿(mào)=0.000,P=1.000)；干預(yù)組年齡別體重Z評(píng)分增值高于對(duì)照組(t=2.238,P=0.025)。4.多因素logistic回歸分析顯示：漢族嬰幼兒貧血率高于非漢族嬰幼兒；6月齡喂養(yǎng)方式為完全母乳喂養(yǎng)的嬰幼兒貧血率高于6月齡人工喂養(yǎng)的嬰幼兒；月齡越大,嬰幼兒貧血率越低；服用微量營(yíng)養(yǎng)素撒劑的貧血率低于沒有服用的嬰幼兒；添加奶類頻次越高,嬰幼兒貧血率越低；母親文化程度越高,其嬰幼兒貧血率越低。 [結(jié)論]內(nèi)蒙農(nóng)村地區(qū)6～24月齡嬰幼兒貧血率較高。補(bǔ)充微量營(yíng)養(yǎng)素撒劑可有效降低嬰幼兒貧血率,且連續(xù)、持續(xù)服用微量營(yíng)養(yǎng)素撒劑3個(gè)月及以上可達(dá)到更好的貧血干預(yù)效果。微量營(yíng)養(yǎng)素撒劑補(bǔ)充可作為農(nóng)村地區(qū)貧血干預(yù)的有效手段之一。本研究中,服用微量營(yíng)養(yǎng)素還可改善嬰幼兒食欲、促進(jìn)兒童體重增長(zhǎng)、降低2周上感患病率。然而,微量營(yíng)養(yǎng)素撒劑對(duì)貧血外其他健康狀況的影響尚需進(jìn)一步的研究證實(shí)。
[Abstract]:[background] iron deficiency anemia is a worldwide health problem, and anemia in developing countries is particularly severe in.6-24 months of age for anemia. The application of multiple nutritional supplements in many countries shows that micronutrient supplements containing a variety of minerals and vitamins can serve the same iron supplementation as ferrous sulfate, It can effectively prevent and cure children under 2 years of age, and can be used in community intervention to prevent anemia in children with high anemia rate. There are few studies on micronutrient supplements in China, and most of them are based on soybean meal or milk powder. Use.
[Objective] to investigate the status and influencing factors of infant anemia in some rural areas in Inner Mongolia, and to study the effect of micronutrient spray on anemia and other health status of infants and to provide a basis for the intervention of nutritional groups in Western China.
[Methods] 1364 6~24 month old infants and their parents were randomly selected from mulliwata banner, orochun flag, Arong Qi and Zhalantun in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region by multistage stratified cluster sampling, and 4 flag / county were randomly divided into intervention group and control group. The intervention group and the control group were 6-. 24 month old infants carried out physical measurement and hemoglobin determination; the basic situation of children and diet feeding were investigated by their parents. After the baseline survey, the intervention group was supplemented by micronutrient vegetative agents except routine feeding. The control group was only fed for.4 months, and the intervention group and the control group were followed up. The final survey was carried out by the parents and their parents. The survey was conducted at baseline with the SPSS17.0 software package for data cleaning and statistical analysis.
[results]1. the anemia rate of 6-24 months old children in the rural area of Inner Mongolia was 45.0%., the anemia rate of 6-11 month old infants was 55.2%, the anemia rate of 12-17 months old children was 50.5%, the anemia rate of 18~24 month old group was the lowest, the less 31.9%. month old, the higher the anemia rate the.2. intervention, the anemia rate of the intervention group decreased to 37.5% from the baseline of 46.6%, the difference was statistically significant. The anemia rate in the control group increased from 41.3% before the intervention to 47% (x 2=4.252, P=0.047). The rate of anemia in infants and young children who were always and regularly taking micronutrients was better than that in infants and children taken occasionally; the anemia rate of infants with micronutrients for 3 months and above was better than that of infants who took 1-2 months of.3. The prevalence rate of the intervention group decreased from 43.2% to 25.3% at the end of the baseline survey for 2 weeks. The difference was statistically significant (x 2=33.422, P=0.000), and there was no statistically significant difference in the 2 week prevalence rate of the control group before and after the intervention, P=1.000), and the increase of Z scores in the intervention group was higher than that of the control group (t=2.238, P=0.025).4. multiple factors logistic. The regression analysis showed that the anemia rate of the Han children was higher than that of the non Han infants; the anemia rate of the 6 month old feeding mode was higher than that of the 6 month old artificially fed infants; the older the month was, the lower the anemia rate for infants; the anemia rate was lower than that of the infants who were not taken; The higher the frequency, the lower the infant anemia rate; the higher the mother's education level, the lower the infant anemia rate.
[Conclusion] the incidence of anemia in 6~24 months old children in rural areas of Inner Mongolia is higher. Supplementing micronutrient spray can effectively reduce the incidence of anemia in infants and infants, and continuous use of micronutrients for 3 months and above can achieve better effects of anemia intervention. Micronutrient addition can be used as an effective means for anemia intervention in rural areas. 1. In this study, the use of micronutrients also improves the appetite of infants and infants, promotes the growth of children's weight, and reduces the prevalence of 2 weeks. However, further research is needed to confirm the effect of micronutrients on other health conditions outside of anemia.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)疾病預(yù)防控制中心
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：R153.2

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1 馬艷艷;補(bǔ)充微量營(yíng)養(yǎng)素撒劑改善內(nèi)蒙農(nóng)村地區(qū)嬰幼兒健康狀況的效果評(píng)價(jià)[D];中國(guó)疾病預(yù)防控制中心;2012年

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3 宮相君;孕期增補(bǔ)微量營(yíng)養(yǎng)素的影響因素及其與妊娠結(jié)局關(guān)聯(lián)的隊(duì)列研究[D];安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué);2012年

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