本文關鍵詞： 孤獨癥 執(zhí)行功能 雙任務　出處：《寧夏醫(yī)科大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：目的:比較孤獨癥兒童在雙任務情境下的執(zhí)行功能差異,探究孤獨癥兒童與正常兒童執(zhí)行功能間的差異,探討孤獨癥患病的危險因素,進一步對孤獨癥兒童的康復訓練提出意見建議。方法:運用自我延遲滿足任務、反向擇物任務、圖片工作記憶卡片、心理旋轉(zhuǎn)任務、晝/夜stroop和手部游戲任務測查48名孤獨癥兒童和48名年齡性別相匹配的正常兒童的執(zhí)行功能能力,并設置高低音頻組作為雙任務探測模式,比較孤獨癥兒童雙任務處理能力,和孤獨癥兒童與正常兒童之間的執(zhí)行功能差異;運用Logistic回歸分析孤獨癥發(fā)病影響因素;運用one-way ANOVA分析不同孤獨癥康復機構(gòu)的患兒執(zhí)行功能差異。結(jié)果:⑴孤獨癥兒童與正常兒童的執(zhí)行功能的任務得分和任務用時上均存在顯著差異(P0.05);⑵孤獨癥兒童執(zhí)行功能任務得分在高低音頻組間無差異(P0.05),任務用時存在差異,高音頻刺激時孤獨癥兒童需更多時間完成任務(P0.05);⑶工作記憶、心理靈活性和抑制控制對執(zhí)行功能總分有預測作用(β=1.864,P0.001;β=-0.323,P0.05;β=0.978,P0.05);⑷孤獨癥兒童在低音頻刺激下5-6歲時的抑制控制得分顯著高于7-8歲組(P0.05),在高音頻刺激下3-4歲的工作記憶得分顯著低于7-8歲組(P0.05);⑸不同康復機構(gòu)間孤獨癥兒童在低音頻聽覺干擾下的執(zhí)行功能的總體能力和心理靈活性存在差異(F=7.567,P0.001;F=5.156,P0.05);⑹孕期接觸有毒化學物質(zhì)[2.309(2.035-49.772)],多次懷孕生產(chǎn)[1.158(1.296-7.821)]以及新生兒缺氧搶救史[2.135(0.923-77.392)]可能是孤獨癥發(fā)病的危險因素。結(jié)論:⑴孤獨癥兒童的執(zhí)行功能顯著弱于正常兒童,當其孤獨癥量表評分越高時,其執(zhí)行功能越差;⑵孤獨癥兒童雙任務處理能力較弱,高音頻刺激的聽覺干擾會顯著影響其任務完成;⑶5-6歲可能是孤獨癥兒童抑制控制能力的黃金培養(yǎng)年齡;7-8歲可能是孤獨癥兒童在雙任務情境下既能應對聽覺干擾,又能較好完成工作記憶的顯著發(fā)育年齡;⑷不同機構(gòu)間孤獨癥兒童的執(zhí)行功能水平不同,應當加強對孤獨癥康復機構(gòu)的管理與培訓,提升各機構(gòu)的孤獨癥康復訓練水平;⑸孕期接觸有毒化學物質(zhì),多次生產(chǎn)以及新生兒缺氧搶救是孤獨癥發(fā)病的危險因素。建議:⑴加強與完善孤獨癥康復機構(gòu)的管理制度,提升康復機構(gòu)的業(yè)務水平和培訓能力;⑵培養(yǎng)孤獨癥兒童的雙任務處理能力,加強對孤獨癥兒童的執(zhí)行功能的康復訓練,還可使用高音頻刺激作為條件反射糾正孤獨癥兒童的不適當行為;⑶政府、醫(yī)院、社區(qū)等機構(gòu)應加強孤獨癥的相關知識宣傳工作,使更多的孕婦在孕期遠離孤獨癥發(fā)病危險因素。
[Abstract]:Objective: to compare the difference of executive function between autistic children and normal children, and to explore the risk factors of autism. Further suggestions on rehabilitation training of autistic children were put forward. Methods: using self-delayed gratification task, reverse task, picture work memory card, mental rotation task, Day / night stroop and hand play task were used to test the executive functional ability of 48 autistic children and 48 normal children matched with age and gender, and the high and low audio frequency group was set up as a dual task detection mode to compare the dual task processing ability of autistic children. The difference of executive function between autistic children and normal children was analyzed by Logistic regression analysis. One-way ANOVA was used to analyze the difference of executive function between children with different autism rehabilitation institutions. Results there were significant differences in task score and task duration between autistic children and normal children. There was no difference in the score of energy task between high and low audio groups (P 0.05), but there was a difference in the duration of task use. Autistic children need more time to complete their tasks under high audio frequency stimulation. Psychological agility and inhibition control had predictive effects on the total score of executive function (尾 -1.864n P0.001; 尾 -0.323P0.05; 尾 -0.978U P0.05P0.05). The scores of inhibition control of autistic children aged 5-6 years under low audio stimulation were significantly higher than those of the 7-8 age group (P0.055.The scores of working memory in 3-4 years of age after high audio stimulation were significantly higher than those in children aged 7-8 years old). The overall ability and psychological flexibility of autistic children in different rehabilitation institutions under low audio frequency interference are different. There are differences in the overall ability and psychological flexibility of autistic children under low audio frequency interference. There are differences in the overall ability and psychological flexibility of autistic children under the age of 7-8 years old. There is a difference in the overall ability and psychological flexibility of the executive function of autistic children in different rehabilitation institutions. There is a difference in the overall ability and psychological flexibility of children with autism under low audio hearing interference. There is also a difference in the overall ability and psychological flexibility of children with autism. There is a difference in the overall ability and psychological flexibility of children with autism. The history of anoxia rescue of newborn children [2.135 (0.923-77.392)] may be the risk factor of autism. Conclusion the executive function of children with autistic children is significantly weaker than that of normal children. The higher the score of autism scale, the weaker the executive function of children with autism was. The auditory interference of high audio stimulation can significantly affect the task completion of children aged 35 to 6 years may be the golden age of autistic children's inhibition and control, and the age of 7 to 8 years may be that autistic children can cope with auditory interference in a dual task situation. The significant developmental age in which working memory can be achieved is that the executive function of autistic children is different among different institutions. Therefore, the management and training of autism rehabilitation institutions should be strengthened. To raise the level of rehabilitation training for autism in various institutions. (5) exposure to toxic chemicals during pregnancy, multiple births and anoxia rescue of newborns are the risk factors for autism. It is suggested that the management system of autism rehabilitation institutions should be strengthened and improved by 1: 1. To enhance the operational level and training ability of rehabilitation institutions and to develop the dual task handling ability of autistic children, and to strengthen the rehabilitation training for the executive functions of autistic children, We can also use high frequency stimulation as conditioned reflex to correct inappropriate behavior of autistic children. Government, hospital, community and other institutions should strengthen the work of promoting the knowledge of autism so as to make more pregnant women stay away from risk factors of autism during pregnancy.
【學位授予單位】：寧夏醫(yī)科大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：R749.94

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