發(fā)布時(shí)間：2021-07-22 09:35

　　曲霉屬的真菌是主要存在于土壤、水以及腐敗的營(yíng)養(yǎng)物的一類霉菌。它們產(chǎn)生大量的孢子,這些孢子通過(guò)空氣能很容易的擴(kuò)散到環(huán)境中,由于這類孢子的普遍存在,人和動(dòng)物不斷的暴露于曲霉菌孢子中。煙曲霉和黃曲霉被認(rèn)為是引起人和各類動(dòng)物真菌性疾病的主要病原,相比哺乳動(dòng)物而言,鳥類更易感。家禽養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)的環(huán)境條件非常適合許多真菌,包括曲霉菌的生長(zhǎng)于繁殖。本研究的主要日的是評(píng)估廣西家禽養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)分離的主要曲霉菌的遺傳多樣性及對(duì)抗真菌藥物的敏感性。研究第一部分主要對(duì)南寧的3個(gè)養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)以及桂林的一個(gè)（包含一個(gè)孵化場(chǎng)）種雞場(chǎng)真菌污染的情況進(jìn)行調(diào)查。調(diào)查主要采集家禽咽部樣品及空氣樣本,采樣時(shí)間一般持續(xù)幾周,同時(shí)對(duì)孵化場(chǎng)進(jìn)行了三個(gè)孵化周期的監(jiān)測(cè)。經(jīng)表型鑒定輔助分子生物學(xué)方法鑒定,最終共收集到188份煙曲霉和159份黃曲霉。第二部分建立或應(yīng)用多位點(diǎn)數(shù)目可變串聯(lián)重復(fù)序列（VNTR）多態(tài)性對(duì)黃曲霉和煙曲霉進(jìn)行遺傳多樣性分析。本研究篩選了8個(gè)VNTR位點(diǎn)對(duì)黃曲霉遺傳多樣性進(jìn)行分析,并設(shè)計(jì)雙重反應(yīng)。利用篩選到的8個(gè)多態(tài)性位點(diǎn)對(duì)91份黃曲霉分離株,其中包括6個(gè)參考株進(jìn)行分型分析,結(jié)果共產(chǎn)生78種基因型,其中71種基因型僅出現(xiàn)一次,辛普森多樣... 

【文章來(lái)源】：廣西大學(xué)廣西壯族自治區(qū) 211工程院校

【文章頁(yè)數(shù)】：151 頁(yè)

【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
摘要
ABSTRACT
Résumé
Chapter Ⅰ Introduction and outline of the thesis
    1. The genus Aspergillus
        1.1. Ecology
        1.2. Reproduction and morphological features
        1.3. Identification of Aspergillus species
        1.4. Aspergillus fumigatus
        1.5. Aspergillus flavus
        1.6. Production of mycotoxins
    2. Molecular typing of Aspergillus species
        2.1. Random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD)
        2.2. Restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP)and related methods
        2.3. Multilocus sequence typing(MLST)
        2.4. Microsatellite length polymorphism(MLP)
        2.5. Multiple locus VNTR analysis(MLVA)
    3. Aspergillosis
        3.1. Virulence factors
        3.2. Immunity and host susceptibility
        3.3. Human aspergillosis
        3.4. Avian aspergillosis
        3.5. Treatment of fungal infections and emergence of azote resistance in Aspergillusfumigatus
    4. Importance of poultry in China and Guangxi
        4.1. Geographical context
        4.2. Chinese market of animal products
        4.3. Focus on poultry products market in China
        4.4. Poultry genetic resources in China
        4.5. Poultry systems in China
    5. Outline of the thesis
Chapter Ⅱ Fungal contamination in avian farms in Guangxi,China
    1. Introduction
    2. Material and methods
        2.1. Avian farms
        2.2. Sampling and fungal isolation
        2.3 Identification of Fungal
        2.4. Statistical analyses
    3. Results
    4. Discussion
    5. Conclusion
Chapter Ⅲ Development and use of VNTR based methods for typing Aspergillus spp
    1. Introduction
    2. Materials and methods
        2.1. Origin of fungal isolates
        2.2. DNA isolation
        2.3. Selection of VNTR markers for A.flavus
        2.4. VNTR markers for A.fumigatus
        2.5. Specificity
        2.6. Stability and reproducibility
        2.7. Discriminatory power
        2.8. Clustering analysis for A.flavus and A.fumigatus isolates
    3. Results
        3.1. Development of the MLVA method for A. flavus
        3.2. Genetic diversity of A. flavus isolates
        3.3. Genetic diversity of A. fumigatus isolates
    4. Discussion
    5. Conclusion
Chapter IV Susceptibility to itraconazole in Aspergillusisolated from avian farms in France and China
    1. Introduction
    2. Materials and methods
        2.1. Origin of fungal isolates
        2.2. Antifungal susceptibility testing
        2.3. Sequencing of Cyp21A
        2.4. MLVA typing
    3. Results
        3.1. Susceptibility to itraconazole
        3.2. Mutations of Cyp51A and corresponding protein
        3.3. MLVA typing
    4. Discussion
    5. Conclusion
General discussion and perspectives
References
Acknowledgements
致謝
Appendix
    List of abbreviations
    Glossary
Communications
Published Papers



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