【摘要】：家禽是一種光敏感動物,其視覺系統(tǒng)高度發(fā)達,光刺激對禽類的生長、行為、節(jié)律都會產(chǎn)生重要影響,所以光照在家禽養(yǎng)殖中得到了非常廣泛的運用,可控的人工光源成為養(yǎng)殖照明的主要來源。在生產(chǎn)中,隨著家禽養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的規(guī)�；�、機械化、集約化程度不斷提高,LED (Light Emitting Diode)發(fā)光二極管以其壽命長、能耗低、可調(diào)控性強等優(yōu)點逐漸受到人們的關(guān)注。同時溫度對肉雞的生產(chǎn)性能和行為節(jié)律也會產(chǎn)生一定的影響,為了全面評估LED光照和溫度對肉雞生長和行為的耦合影響,本論文以“蕭山”商品肉雞為研究對象,選取不同LED光色為研究手段,探究了肉雞在不同溫度下的光色偏好性,且針對實際生產(chǎn)中的光色,對肉雞屠宰特性和整個生長階段的光需特性、采食飲水行為等進行研究。主要研究內(nèi)容和成果如下：(1)研究了肉雞在高溫環(huán)境(30.6℃)下對紅、黃、藍、綠、白色LED光的偏好性,分別統(tǒng)計了肉雞在各個光照區(qū)的耗料量、耗水量、排糞量和停留時間,研究表明實驗前期(29、35、38日齡)短波長(G、B)光照區(qū)的飼料消耗相對更大,隨著肉雞日齡的增加,實驗后期(41、44、47日齡)長波長(R、Y)光照區(qū)的飼料消耗量開始上升。各區(qū)排糞量、停留時間的統(tǒng)計與耗料量規(guī)律相似。整個實驗周期過程中,肉雞在溫度較高時表現(xiàn)了對短波長極大的偏好性。(2)研究了肉雞在低溫環(huán)境(6.9℃)下對紅、黃、藍、綠、白色LED光的偏好性,分別統(tǒng)計了肉雞在各個光照區(qū)的耗料量、耗水量、排糞量和停留時間,研究表明實驗前期(29、35日齡)各單色光光照區(qū)的進食量和進水量無顯著差異,隨著肉雞日齡的增加,實驗后期(38、41、44、47日齡)長波長(R)光照區(qū)的飼料消耗量顯著升高,遠高于其他單色光光照區(qū)。各區(qū)排糞量、停留時間的統(tǒng)計與耗料量規(guī)律相似。整個實驗周期過程中,肉雞在溫度較低時表現(xiàn)了對長波長極大的偏好性。(3)結(jié)合實驗一、實驗二研究結(jié)果和實際生產(chǎn)所用光色,探究黃色LED光環(huán)境下肉雞對光的需求特性,以及不同養(yǎng)殖密度對肉雞體重、屠宰特性和飲食特性的影響。研究表明低密度(2.5只/m2)肉雞的各項生產(chǎn)性能指標均高于高密度組(7.5只/m2),養(yǎng)殖密度對屠宰指標及器官重量均無顯著影響。兩實驗組的亮區(qū)耗料量和耗水量均顯著高于暗區(qū),肉雞表現(xiàn)出對亮區(qū)極大的偏好性,但隨著肉雞日齡的增加,耗料量和耗水量在肉雞生長的中后期有所減少,表明肉雞在生長中后期對光照的偏好性降低。肉雞在各區(qū)的停留頻率結(jié)論與耗料耗水量結(jié)論一致。
[Abstract]:Poultry is a kind of light-sensitive animal, its visual system is highly developed, light stimulation will have an important impact on the growth, behavior and rhythm of poultry, so light has been widely used in poultry breeding. Controllable artificial light source has become the main source of aquaculture lighting. In production, with the scale, mechanization and intensification of poultry breeding industry, LED (Light Emitting Diode) light-emitting diode (LED) has been paid more and more attention because of its long life, low energy consumption, strong controllability and so on. At the same time, temperature also has a certain effect on the performance and behavior rhythm of broilers. In order to comprehensively evaluate the coupling effects of LED light and temperature on the growth and behavior of broilers, this paper takes "Xiaoshan" commercial broilers as the research object. Different LED light colors were selected as research methods to explore the preference of light color of broilers at different temperatures. According to the light color in actual production, the slaughtering characteristics of broilers, the light demand characteristics of the whole growth stage, and the behavior of eating and drinking water were studied. The main contents and achievements are as follows: (1) the preference of broilers to red, yellow, blue, green and white LED light in high temperature environment (30.6 鈩，

本文編號：2480236