【摘要】：為探討金針菇菇腳(Flammulina velutipes stembase,FVS)對肉雞盲腸菌群及短鏈脂肪酸含量的影響,選用1d健康A(chǔ)A肉雞270只,隨機(jī)分成5個(gè)處理組,每組3個(gè)重復(fù),每個(gè)重復(fù)18只。5個(gè)處理組分別為空白對照組(基礎(chǔ)日糧)、抗生素陽性對照組(基礎(chǔ)日糧+5mg/kg黃霉素)和3個(gè)FVS組(基礎(chǔ)日糧中分別添加2%、4%和6%FVS)。在21和42d,每個(gè)重復(fù)選擇3只屠宰,無菌采集盲腸內(nèi)容物,提取細(xì)菌基因組總DNA,PCR擴(kuò)增16srDNA V3區(qū),采用變性梯度凝膠電泳技術(shù)結(jié)合聚合酶鏈?zhǔn)椒磻?yīng)(PCR-DGGE)及條帶的克隆測序分析盲腸細(xì)菌群的變化,同時(shí)采用聚類分析分析各試驗(yàn)組的多樣性和相似性。用氣相色譜儀檢測盲腸中乙酸、丙酸、丁酸的含量。結(jié)果表明:1)與空白組相比,21和42d各FVS添加組條帶數(shù)均高于空白組,且6%FVS添加組條帶數(shù)顯著升高(P0.05);2)與空白組相比,21和42d各FVS添加組聚類在一起,相似性系數(shù)均較高;3)21和42d,共性條帶盲腸優(yōu)勢細(xì)菌主要是扭鏈胃球菌[Ruminococcus]torques、厭氧發(fā)酵產(chǎn)氫細(xì)菌Acetanaerobacterium elongatum、甲酸芽殖菌Gemmiger formicilis、熱產(chǎn)琥珀酸梭菌[Clostridium]thermosuccinogenes、擬桿菌屬Bacteroides sp.;而特異性條帶主要是產(chǎn)丁酸菌Oscillibacter ruminantium、柔嫩梭菌[Clostridium]leptum、Stomatobaculum longum、解多糖梭菌[Clostridium]polysaccharolyticum、產(chǎn)乙醇桿菌Ethanoligenens harbinense strain YUAN-3、產(chǎn)丁酸鹽羅氏菌Roseburia hominis、解纖維素梭菌[Clostridium]cellulolyticum strain、乳酸發(fā)酵梭菌[Clostridium]lactatifermentans等。4)與空白組相比,21和42d6%FVS添加組乙酸、丙酸、丁酸含量均顯著升高,(P0.05)。以上結(jié)果提示:在肉雞日糧中添加FVS可顯著提高肉雞盲腸菌群多樣性,FVS可被有效利用產(chǎn)生降解多糖、纖維素和產(chǎn)酸的細(xì)菌,顯著提高了短鏈脂肪酸的量,改善腸道菌的繁殖環(huán)境,改善動(dòng)物腸道微生物菌群的結(jié)構(gòu),促進(jìn)肉雞健康生長。其中以6%FVS添加量效果最好。
[Abstract]:In order to investigate the effect of Flammulina velutipes (Flammulina velutipes stembase,FVS) on cecal flora and short-chain fatty acid content in broilers, one day healthy AA broilers were randomly divided into 5 groups with 3 repeats in each group. The control group (basal diet), the antibiotic positive control group (basal diet 5mg/kg aflatoxin) and three FVS groups (basal diet supplemented with 2%, 4% and 6%FVS, respectively) were used as control group (basal diet), antibiotic positive control group (basal diet) and 3 FVS groups (basal diet added 2%, 4% and 6%FVS, respectively). On days 21 and 42, 3 slaughtered animals were selected for each repeat. Cecal contents were collected and the total DNA,PCR of bacterial genome was extracted to amplify the 16srDNA V3 region. The variation of cecal bacterial population was analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) combined with polymerase chain reaction (PCR-DGGE) and cloning and sequencing of bands, and the diversity and similarity of each experimental group were analyzed by cluster analysis. The contents of acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid in cecum were determined by gas chromatography. The results showed that: 1) compared with the blank group, the number of bands in each FVS-added group on 21 and 42 days was higher than that in the blank group, and the number of bands in the 6%FVS-added group was significantly higher than that in the blank group (P0.05). 2) compared with the blank group, the similarity coefficient of each FVS additive group at 21 and 42 days was higher than that of the blank group. 3) at 21 days and 42 days, the dominant bacteria in common bands of cecum were mainly Streptococcus wririformis [Ruminococcus] torques, anaerobic fermentation bacteria, Acetanaerobacterium elongatum, formate spores Gemmiger formicilis, heat-producing Clostridium succinogenes [Clostridium] thermosuccinogenes, Bacteroides sp.;. The specific bands were mainly Clostridium butyricum Oscillibacter ruminantium, [Clostridium] leptum,Stomatobaculum longum, lysate [Clostridium] polysaccharolyticum, ethanol producing bacilli Ethanoligenens harbinense strain YUAN-3, butyrate-producing rosebacterium Roseburia hominis,-lysing Clostridium butyrate [Clostridium] cellulolyticum strain, Lactic acid fermentative Clostridium [Clostridium] lactatifermentans et al. 4) compared with the blank group, the contents of acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid in 21 and 42d6%FVS added groups were significantly higher than those in the blank group (P0.05). These results suggest that adding FVS to broiler diets can significantly increase the diversity of cecal flora in broilers, and FVS can be effectively utilized to produce degrading polysaccharides, cellulose and acid-producing bacteria, thus significantly increasing the amount of short-chain fatty acids. Improve the reproductive environment of intestinal bacteria, improve the structure of animal intestinal microflora, promote the healthy growth of broilers. Among them, the addition of 6%FVS was the best.
【作者單位】： 吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)生命科學(xué)學(xué)院;食藥用菌教育部工程研究中心;
【基金】：吉林省經(jīng)濟(jì)菌物平臺(tái)項(xiàng)目
【分類號(hào)】：S831.5

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