阿拉山口鼠棘球蚴病本底調(diào)查及媒介生物性傳染病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析系統(tǒng)的建立
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-02-13 02:56
【摘要】：棘球蚴病是一類呈世界性分布,并嚴(yán)重危害公共衛(wèi)生的人獸共患寄生蟲病。其病原棘球絳蟲的生活史復(fù)雜,能以多種野生動(dòng)物為其中間宿主。阿拉山口口岸作為國(guó)家一類陸路口岸,擁有豐富的野生物種資源。同時(shí),隨著國(guó)際貿(mào)易的增加,阿拉山口口岸進(jìn)出口貨物量激增,也加劇了媒介生物性傳染病的傳入風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。然而,目前國(guó)內(nèi)口岸媒介生物本底狀況并不完善,也缺少完備的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估體系來指導(dǎo)相關(guān)檢疫工作。本研究即針對(duì)新疆阿拉山口口岸地區(qū)鼠類棘球蚴感染情況進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)調(diào)查;同時(shí)又根據(jù)目前國(guó)際形勢(shì),結(jié)合我國(guó)國(guó)境口岸自身狀況,建立了國(guó)境口岸地區(qū)媒介生物性傳染病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析系統(tǒng),并運(yùn)用該系統(tǒng)對(duì)阿拉山口口岸地區(qū)鼠類攜帶棘球蚴病的傳播風(fēng)險(xiǎn)開展分析。首先,本研究選擇阿拉山口口岸三個(gè)不同區(qū)域(野外區(qū)、城郊綜合區(qū)和城區(qū))在2013、2014年采集鼠類樣本。對(duì)所有鼠樣進(jìn)行剖檢觀察,提取肝臟基因組DNA,利用聚合酶鏈?zhǔn)椒磻?yīng)(PCR)擴(kuò)增棘球蚴線粒體細(xì)胞色素C氧化酶亞單位1(Cox1)、NADH脫氫酶(ND1)等基因并測(cè)序。其次,為了建立風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析系統(tǒng),本研究參照澳大利亞和新西蘭聯(lián)合開發(fā)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理標(biāo)準(zhǔn)AS/NZS4360,同時(shí)在對(duì)比國(guó)內(nèi)外多個(gè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析系統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合調(diào)研、統(tǒng)計(jì)分析等方法建立風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析系統(tǒng)。并運(yùn)用此系統(tǒng)對(duì)阿拉山口鼠棘球蚴傳播風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行分析。得到結(jié)果如下:1.對(duì)阿拉山口不同區(qū)域(野外區(qū)、城郊綜合區(qū)和城區(qū))采集鼠樣結(jié)果捕獲率分別為0.79%、1.21%、3.60%;剖檢發(fā)現(xiàn)8份樣品具有包囊,剖檢陽性率為2.08%;分子鑒定發(fā)現(xiàn)有10份樣品呈PCR陽性,陽性率為2.60%,Cox1基因Blast分析,中有8份樣品與青海檢測(cè)的蘇俄多房棘球絳蟲的相似性最高,同源性為85%(登錄號(hào):JQ 690286.1);ND1基因Blast分析,2份樣品與多房棘球蚴相似性最高,同源性為100%(登錄號(hào):AB 720065.1);經(jīng)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析,野外區(qū)、城郊綜合區(qū)鼠類感染率分別為2.74%和2.38%,而城區(qū)未檢測(cè)到病原體。阿拉山口口岸野外區(qū)野鼠棘球蚴感染率最高,易感鼠種為大沙鼠。2.建立了一套半定量多指標(biāo)綜合評(píng)估系統(tǒng)——國(guó)境口岸地區(qū)媒介生物性傳染病傳入風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析系統(tǒng)。本系統(tǒng)對(duì)阿拉山口鼠棘球蚴傳播風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行應(yīng)用分析,得出“低危險(xiǎn)度風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”結(jié)果,并給出相應(yīng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理建議。本研究運(yùn)用所建立的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估系統(tǒng)對(duì)國(guó)境口岸地區(qū)媒介生物性傳染病傳入風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行預(yù)警評(píng)估的同時(shí),也與現(xiàn)有系統(tǒng)開展了對(duì)比。經(jīng)檢驗(yàn),本研究所建系統(tǒng)結(jié)果可信且過程更合理。本研究中建立的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析系統(tǒng)擴(kuò)充了我國(guó)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析系統(tǒng),同時(shí)也為阿拉山口棘球蚴病的防控工作提供相關(guān)信息和決策依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Echinococcosis is a class of zoonotic parasitic disease which is distributed worldwide and seriously endangers public health. The pathogen Echinococcus solium has a complex life history and can be intermediate host of a variety of wild animals. As a first-class land port, Alashankou Port has abundant wild species resources. At the same time, with the increase of international trade, the volume of import and export goods at Alashankou Port increased sharply, which also aggravated the risk of the introduction of vector biological infectious diseases. However, at present, the status of vector biology in domestic ports is not perfect, and there is also a lack of a complete risk assessment system to guide the quarantine work. In this study, a systematic investigation was carried out on the infection of rat echinococcosis in Alashankou port area, Xinjiang. At the same time, according to the current international situation and the situation of our country's border ports, the risk analysis system of vector biological infectious diseases in border port areas is established. The transmission risk of rat-bearing echinococcosis in Alashankou port was analyzed by using the system. Firstly, three different areas of Alashankou Port (wild area, suburban comprehensive area and urban area) were selected to collect rat samples in 2013 and 2014. The genomic DNA, of the liver was extracted and sequenced by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1 (Cox1), NADH dehydrogenase) (ND1) was amplified and sequenced. Secondly, in order to establish a risk analysis system, this study, referring to the risk management standard AS/NZS4360, developed jointly by Australia and New Zealand, combined with the research on the basis of comparing many risk analysis systems at home and abroad. The risk analysis system is established by statistical analysis and other methods. The transmission risk of echinococcosis in Alashankou rat was analyzed by using this system. The results are as follows: 1. The capture rate of rat samples collected from different areas of Alashan pass (field area, suburb comprehensive area and urban area) was 0.79, 1.21 and 3.60, respectively, and 8 samples were found to have cysts, and the positive rate was 2.08. 10 samples were found to be PCR positive by molecular identification, the positive rate was 2.60% and Cox1 gene Blast analysis showed that 8 samples had the highest similarity with Echinococcus soxinata detected in Qinghai Province, and the homology was 85% (accession number: JQ 690286.1). ND1 gene Blast analysis showed that the two samples had the highest similarity with hydatid multilocularis with 100% homology (accession number: AB 720065.1). By statistical analysis, the rodent infection rate was 2.74% and 2.38% in the field area and the suburb comprehensive area respectively, but no pathogen was detected in the urban area. The infection rate of wild rat echinococcus was the highest in the field area of Alashankou port, and the susceptible species was gerbils. A set of semi-quantitative multi-index comprehensive evaluation system-risk analysis system of vector biological infectious diseases in frontier port area was established. The risk of transmission of echinococcosis in Alashankou rat was analyzed, and the result of "low risk" was obtained, and the corresponding risk management suggestions were given. In this study, the risk assessment system is used to assess the risk of vector biological infectious diseases in frontier port area. At the same time, it is compared with the existing system. It is proved that the results of the system are reliable and the process is more reasonable. The risk analysis system established in this study not only expands the risk analysis system in China, but also provides relevant information and decision basis for the prevention and control of Alashankou echinococcosis.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：石河子大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S855.9
本文編號(hào)：2421099
[Abstract]:Echinococcosis is a class of zoonotic parasitic disease which is distributed worldwide and seriously endangers public health. The pathogen Echinococcus solium has a complex life history and can be intermediate host of a variety of wild animals. As a first-class land port, Alashankou Port has abundant wild species resources. At the same time, with the increase of international trade, the volume of import and export goods at Alashankou Port increased sharply, which also aggravated the risk of the introduction of vector biological infectious diseases. However, at present, the status of vector biology in domestic ports is not perfect, and there is also a lack of a complete risk assessment system to guide the quarantine work. In this study, a systematic investigation was carried out on the infection of rat echinococcosis in Alashankou port area, Xinjiang. At the same time, according to the current international situation and the situation of our country's border ports, the risk analysis system of vector biological infectious diseases in border port areas is established. The transmission risk of rat-bearing echinococcosis in Alashankou port was analyzed by using the system. Firstly, three different areas of Alashankou Port (wild area, suburban comprehensive area and urban area) were selected to collect rat samples in 2013 and 2014. The genomic DNA, of the liver was extracted and sequenced by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1 (Cox1), NADH dehydrogenase) (ND1) was amplified and sequenced. Secondly, in order to establish a risk analysis system, this study, referring to the risk management standard AS/NZS4360, developed jointly by Australia and New Zealand, combined with the research on the basis of comparing many risk analysis systems at home and abroad. The risk analysis system is established by statistical analysis and other methods. The transmission risk of echinococcosis in Alashankou rat was analyzed by using this system. The results are as follows: 1. The capture rate of rat samples collected from different areas of Alashan pass (field area, suburb comprehensive area and urban area) was 0.79, 1.21 and 3.60, respectively, and 8 samples were found to have cysts, and the positive rate was 2.08. 10 samples were found to be PCR positive by molecular identification, the positive rate was 2.60% and Cox1 gene Blast analysis showed that 8 samples had the highest similarity with Echinococcus soxinata detected in Qinghai Province, and the homology was 85% (accession number: JQ 690286.1). ND1 gene Blast analysis showed that the two samples had the highest similarity with hydatid multilocularis with 100% homology (accession number: AB 720065.1). By statistical analysis, the rodent infection rate was 2.74% and 2.38% in the field area and the suburb comprehensive area respectively, but no pathogen was detected in the urban area. The infection rate of wild rat echinococcus was the highest in the field area of Alashankou port, and the susceptible species was gerbils. A set of semi-quantitative multi-index comprehensive evaluation system-risk analysis system of vector biological infectious diseases in frontier port area was established. The risk of transmission of echinococcosis in Alashankou rat was analyzed, and the result of "low risk" was obtained, and the corresponding risk management suggestions were given. In this study, the risk assessment system is used to assess the risk of vector biological infectious diseases in frontier port area. At the same time, it is compared with the existing system. It is proved that the results of the system are reliable and the process is more reasonable. The risk analysis system established in this study not only expands the risk analysis system in China, but also provides relevant information and decision basis for the prevention and control of Alashankou echinococcosis.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：石河子大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S855.9
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