【摘要】：本文旨在研究飼糧不同磷水平和鈣磷比例對(duì)妊娠后期母豬養(yǎng)分消化率、母豬及仔豬鈣磷代謝、母豬繁殖性能及仔豬骨骼的影響。試驗(yàn)選擇遺傳背景一致、2~3胎次(預(yù)產(chǎn)期前45天)、預(yù)產(chǎn)期相近的健康“♂長(zhǎng)白×♀大約克”二元雜交母豬72頭,按照胎次、預(yù)產(chǎn)期均衡原則分為9個(gè)處理,每個(gè)處理8個(gè)重復(fù)。處理1為對(duì)照組,飼喂基礎(chǔ)飼糧,鈣、磷分別為7.26、5.81 g/kg;處理2為基礎(chǔ)飼糧添加植酸酶;處理3~5保持正常鈣水平(7.26 g/kg)不變添加植酸酶,減少無(wú)機(jī)磷添加至對(duì)照的75%、50%、25%(鈣磷比為1.35~1.63:1);處理6~9保持正常鈣磷比不變(1.25:1)添加植酸酶,減少無(wú)機(jī)磷添加至對(duì)照的75%、50%、25%、0%。試驗(yàn)預(yù)產(chǎn)期前45天開(kāi)始,至分娩結(jié)束。研究結(jié)果表明:1)正常磷水平下,添加植酸酶可顯著提高干物質(zhì)、粗灰分、有機(jī)物和磷的表觀消化率,降低糞中磷的排泄量,激素調(diào)節(jié)促進(jìn)排磷,降低母豬骨轉(zhuǎn)化標(biāo)志物,顯著提高仔豬脛骨脫脂干重(P0.05)。在低無(wú)機(jī)磷、低鈣磷比(1.25)飼糧中,添加植酸酶提高養(yǎng)分消化率的效果更顯著(P0.05)2)飼糧在保持鈣水平不變的條件下或鈣磷比不變的條件下添加植酸酶,隨無(wú)機(jī)磷添加量的降低,養(yǎng)分的表觀消化率顯著增大,母豬血清磷、降鈣素顯著降低,1,25-二羥基維生素升高,骨吸收、骨形成標(biāo)志物增大(P0.05),且均呈一次和二次相關(guān)(P0.05);仔豬血清抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶-5b、I型膠原C端肽、堿性磷酸酶、骨特異性堿性磷酸酶增大(P0.05),骨鈣蛋白、護(hù)骨素、骨骼鈣磷沉積及骨量減少(P0.05),仔豬弱仔數(shù)升高(P0.05),且均呈一次和二次相關(guān)(P0.05)。3)在飼糧保持鈣水平不變的條件下和鈣磷比不變的條件下,以表觀可消化磷為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),植酸酶可分別替代0.91、1.27 g/kg的無(wú)機(jī)磷,減少24.70%、34.48%的糞磷排泄量;以母豬血清骨代謝標(biāo)志物為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),植酸酶可替代50%(0.90 g/kg)無(wú)機(jī)磷,母豬骨代謝無(wú)顯著差異(P0.05)或得到改善(P0.05),低鈣磷比顯著改善了母豬骨代謝標(biāo)志物(P0.05)。綜合以上分析可知:正常磷水平添加植酸酶可提高養(yǎng)分的表觀消化率、降低母豬骨轉(zhuǎn)換標(biāo)志物,提高仔豬骨形成標(biāo)志物及脛骨脫脂干重。降低無(wú)機(jī)磷水平,植酸酶提高養(yǎng)分消化率的效果更顯著;母豬及仔豬血清磷降低,激素調(diào)節(jié)促進(jìn)鈣磷吸收、母豬骨轉(zhuǎn)化標(biāo)志物升高,仔豬骨形成標(biāo)志物及骨量減少,弱子數(shù)升高。以母豬血清骨代謝標(biāo)志物為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),綜合母豬及仔豬各指標(biāo),添加植酸酶可減少50%(0.90 g/kg)的無(wú)機(jī)磷添加,鈣磷比保持1.25:1添加更有利于提高養(yǎng)分消化率及抑制母豬骨吸收。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this study was to study the effects of different dietary phosphorus levels and Ca / P ratios on nutrient digestibility, calcium and phosphorus metabolism, reproductive performance and bone of piglets in later pregnant sows. The genetic background was the same in the experiment. 72 sows with the same genetic background were divided into 9 treatments according to the parity of birth order and the equilibrium principle of the expected delivery period, and 72 healthy crossbred sows with similar expected dates (45 days before the expected birth date) were divided into 9 treatments. Each process is 8 repetitions. Treatment 1 was used as control group, fed with basal diet, Ca and P were 7.26g / kg, respectively, treatment 2 was fed with phytase. In treatment 3 ~ (5), the normal calcium level (7.26 g/kg) was maintained and phytase was added, and inorganic phosphorus was reduced to 75 ~ 50 ~ 25% (Ca ~ (2 + / P) = 1.35 ~ 1.63: 1). Treatment 6 ~ 9 kept the normal Ca / P ratio unchanged (1.25: 1) and added phytase to reduce the inorganic phosphorus added to the control group. The trial began 45 days before the due date of delivery until the end of delivery. The results showed that: 1) under normal phosphorus level, phytase could significantly increase the apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude ash, organic matter and phosphorus, reduce the excretion of phosphorus in feces, promote phosphorus excretion by hormone regulation, and reduce the markers of bone transformation in sows. The dry weight of tibia defatted piglets was significantly increased (P0.05). In the diet with low inorganic phosphorus and low Ca / P ratio (1.25), the effect of adding phytase on nutrient digestibility was more significant (P0.05). With the decrease of inorganic phosphorus, the apparent digestibility of nutrients increased significantly, the serum phosphorus and calcitonin in sows decreased significantly, the level of 1m25-dihydroxyvitamin increased, bone resorption and bone formation markers increased (P0.05). All of them were related to each other once and twice (P0.05). Serum anti-tartrate acid phosphatase -5bPase type I collagen C-terminal peptide, alkaline phosphatase, bone specific alkaline phosphatase increased (P0.05), osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin, bone calcium phosphorus deposition and bone mass decreased (P0.05). The litter size of piglets was increased (P0.05), and the correlation was between primary and secondary (P0.05). Under the condition that the dietary calcium level remained constant and the ratio of calcium to phosphorus remained constant, the apparent digestible phosphorus was taken as the standard. Phytase could replace the inorganic phosphorus of 0.91 ~ 1.27 g/kg and reduce the excretion of fecal phosphorus by 24.70% ~ 34.48%. Phytase could replace 50% (0. 90 g/kg) inorganic phosphorus in sows' serum bone metabolism markers, but there was no significant difference (P0.05) or improvement (P0.05) in sows' bone metabolism. Low Ca / P ratio significantly improved bone metabolic markers in sows (P0.05). According to the above analysis, the addition of phytase to normal phosphorus level could increase the apparent digestibility of nutrients, decrease the bone turnover markers of sows, increase the bone formation markers of piglets and increase the dry weight of tibia defatted. The effect of phytase on nutrient digestibility was more obvious when the level of inorganic phosphorus was decreased. Serum phosphorus in sows and piglets decreased, hormone regulation promoted calcium and phosphorus absorption, bone transformation markers in sows increased, bone formation markers and bone mass in piglets decreased, and the number of weak seeds increased. According to the serum biomarkers of bone metabolism in sows and piglets, the addition of phytase could reduce the inorganic phosphorus by 50% (0. 90 g/kg). Calcium and phosphorus could increase nutrient digestibility and inhibit bone absorption of sows.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S828.5

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本文編號(hào)：2388007