【摘要】：草地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)是我國面積最大的陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng),也是遭受人類生產(chǎn)生活影響最嚴重的陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)之一。草地沙化不僅對生態(tài)環(huán)境造成惡劣后果,而且對經(jīng)濟發(fā)展也會帶來負面影響。硅元素作為地殼中豐度僅次于氧的第二大元素,不僅對調(diào)節(jié)植物的生長發(fā)育具有重要的意義,而且對維持生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性具有重要的作用。本研究以中國北方不同類型草地、不同沙化程度草地以及草地—草地造林地為研究對象,采用逐級化學提取方法和紫外可見分光光度法提取并測量土壤中酸可溶態(tài)硅、可氧化態(tài)硅、鐵錳氧化物結(jié)合態(tài)硅以及無定形態(tài)硅這四種非晶態(tài)硅的含量,探析草地類型、沙化程度以及退草還林對土壤非晶態(tài)硅的含量、分布和形態(tài)組分的影響,論述草地土壤硅的生物地球化學循環(huán)的規(guī)律,為研究草地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)修復和實現(xiàn)草地資源可持續(xù)利用提供一定的參考。(1)對典型草原、草甸草原和草甸三種不同類型草地土壤中非晶態(tài)硅的研究發(fā)現(xiàn):我國北方草地酸可溶態(tài)硅含量的變化范圍為111.09~465.51 mg kg-1,可氧化態(tài)硅含量的變化范圍為129.21~358.85 mg kg-1,鐵錳氧化物結(jié)合態(tài)硅的含量變化范圍為145.5~568.02 mg kg-1,無定形硅的含量變化范圍為1171.73~4503.91mg kg-1;在不同深度的土壤中,典型草原的酸可溶態(tài)硅、錳氧化物結(jié)合態(tài)硅和無定形硅的含量均顯著(p0.05)高于草甸草原和草甸,可氧化態(tài)硅含量也呈現(xiàn)出相似的趨勢。研究結(jié)果表明,不同草地類型對草地土壤非晶態(tài)硅的含量、空間分布及組分都具有顯著的影響。(2)對未沙化、輕度沙化、中度沙化和重度沙化四種不同沙化程度草地土壤中非晶態(tài)硅的研究發(fā)現(xiàn):我國北方沙化草地的酸可溶態(tài)硅含量的變化范圍是93.16~138.64 mg kg-1,可氧化態(tài)硅含量的變化范圍是46.23~101.96 mg kg-1,鐵錳氧化物結(jié)合態(tài)硅含量的變化范圍是53.64~110.31 mg kg-1,無定形硅含量的變化范圍是570.47~1226.46 mg kg-1;未沙化草地的酸可溶態(tài)硅在0-10 cm和10-30cm深度的土壤中均顯著(p0.05)低于重度沙化草地(在30-50 cm深度的土壤出也呈現(xiàn)類似的趨勢),未沙化草地的可氧化態(tài)硅、鐵錳氧化物結(jié)合態(tài)硅以及無定形硅在不同深度土壤中的含量均顯著(p0.05)高于重度沙化草地。研究結(jié)果表明,草地沙化對草地土壤的硅形態(tài)有著較大的影響并且沙化程度的加劇會使得非晶態(tài)硅中的其他形態(tài)硅向酸可溶態(tài)硅轉(zhuǎn)化。(3)對比造林土壤與草地土壤中非晶態(tài)硅的研究發(fā)現(xiàn):草地和林地酸可溶態(tài)硅含量的變化范圍分別是161.92~337.76 mg kg-1和82.50~134.67 mg kg-1,可氧化態(tài)硅含量的變化范圍分別是213.58~334.95 mg kg-1和192.85~231.50 mg kg-1,鐵錳氧化物結(jié)合態(tài)硅的含量變化范圍分別是285.01~332.88 mg kg-1和204.27~213.37 mg kg-1,無定形硅的含量變化范圍分別是1946.47~2763.08 mg kg-1和1497.80~1630.30 mg kg-1;在草地—草地造林地,四種非晶態(tài)硅在草地表層土壤(0-10 cm)中的含量均顯著(p0.05)高于其在林地表層土壤中的含量,在其他深度土壤中也呈現(xiàn)相似的變化趨勢。研究結(jié)果表明,造林對草地土壤硅形態(tài)有影響且造林會弱化其他形態(tài)的非晶態(tài)硅向酸可溶態(tài)硅轉(zhuǎn)化。
[Abstract]:Grassland ecosystem is the largest land ecosystem in China, and it is one of the most serious land ecosystems affected by human production. Grassland desertification not only has adverse consequences on the ecological environment, but also has a negative impact on economic development. As the second largest element in the crust, the silicon element is only the second largest element in the crust, which not only plays an important role in regulating the growth and development of the plant, but also plays an important role in maintaining the stability of the ecosystem. In this study, different types of grassland, different desertification degree grass and grassland grassland were planted as research objects in northern China, and the acid-soluble silicon and oxidizable silicon in soil were extracted and measured by stepwise chemical extraction and UV-visible spectrophotometry. The contents of four kinds of amorphous silicon, such as the type of the grassland, the degree of desertification and the influence of the return grass forest on the contents, distribution and morphological components of the amorphous silicon in the soil are analyzed, and the law of biogeochemical cycling of the soil silicon in grassland is discussed. In order to study grassland ecosystem restoration and realize the sustainable utilization of grassland resources, a certain reference is provided. (1) The study of amorphous silicon in three different grassland soils of grassland, meadow steppe and meadow showed that the content of soluble silicon in grassland acid in northern China ranges from 111. 09-465. 51 mg kg-1, and the change of the content of oxidizable silicon is 129. 21-358. 85 mg kg-1. The content of Fe-Mn oxide was 145. 5-568. 02 mg kg-1, and the content of amorphous silicon was 1171. 73-4503. 014mg kg-1. In soil of different depths, the content of acid-soluble silicon, manganese oxide and amorphous silicon in typical steppe were significantly higher than that of meadow steppe and meadow. the content of oxidizable silicon also exhibits similar trends. The results showed that different grassland types had significant influence on the content, spatial distribution and composition of amorphous silicon in grassland soil. (2) The study of the amorphous silicon in the soil of four different desertification degrees of non-desertification, mild desertification, moderate desertification and severe desertification shows that the variation range of the acid-soluble silicon content of the desertification grassland in the north of China is 93. 16-138. 64 mg kg-1, and the change range of the oxidizable silicon content is 46. 23-101. 96mg kg-1. The content of Fe-Mn oxide was 53. 64-110. 31 mg kg-1, and the range of amorphous silicon content was 570. 47-1.46 mg kg-1. The acid-soluble silicon of the undesertified grassland was significantly higher in the 0-10 cm and 10-30cm depth soil (P0.05). The content of iron-manganese oxide glassy silicon and amorphous silicon in different depth soil was significantly higher than that of severe desertification grassland. The results show that grassland desertification has a great influence on the silicon morphology of grassland soil, and the intensification of desertification degree can cause other forms of silicon in amorphous silicon to convert to acid-soluble silicon. (3) Compared with the study of non-crystalline silicon in soil and grassland soil, the changes of soluble silicon content in grassland and forest land were 161. 92 ~ 337. 76 mg kg -1 and 82. 50 ~ 134. 67 mg kg -1, and the change range of oxidizable silicon content was 213. 58 ~ 334. 95 mg kg -1 and 192. 85 ~ 231. 50 mg kg -1, respectively. The contents of iron-manganese oxide were 285.01-332. 88mg kg-1 and 204.27-213. 37mg kg-1 respectively. The range of the contents of amorphous silicon was 1946. 47-2763. 08 mg kg-1 and 1497. 80-1630. 30 mg kg-1 respectively. The contents of four kinds of amorphous silicon in surface soil (0-10 cm) of grassland were significantly higher than those in the surface soil of forest land, and similar trends were also presented in other depth soil. The results showed that the effect of afforestation on the morphology of soil silicon in grassland and the transformation of non-crystalline silicon to acid-soluble silicon in other forms could be weakened.
【學位授予單位】：浙江農(nóng)林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S812.2

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