【摘要】：我國西南巖溶地區(qū)水熱條件好,具有豐富的草地資源,適合大力發(fā)展草地生態(tài)畜牧業(yè)。但是,由于缺乏專門化肉羊品種等因素,這一地區(qū)草地畜牧業(yè)的發(fā)展相對滯后。貴州省晴隆縣位于我國西南巖溶地區(qū),是貴州省乃至整個西南巖溶地區(qū)農(nóng)村的典型代表。為了打造具有地方優(yōu)勢的肉用綿羊品牌,解決肉羊品種缺乏這一關(guān)鍵問題,晴隆縣先后引進了多個優(yōu)良肉羊品種。其中,以杜泊羊為父本、湖羊等國內(nèi)優(yōu)良肉羊品種為母本進行肉用綿羊雜交生產(chǎn),經(jīng)過多年的自然選擇和人工選擇,逐漸形成了一個新的綿羊群體——肉用綿羊新類群。本文采用活體測量、跟蹤觀察、口罩法、微衛(wèi)星標記等多種研究手段,開展了西南巖溶地區(qū)肉用綿羊新類群種質(zhì)特性研究,對合理利用種質(zhì)資源,發(fā)展草地生態(tài)畜牧業(yè)具有指導作用。研究內(nèi)容包括體重體尺測量、血液生化指標測定、牧食行為觀測、采食量測定、微衛(wèi)星遺傳多態(tài)性分析等方面。通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn):(1)肉用綿羊新類群生長速度快,體重、體尺等生長指標良好,血液生化指標數(shù)值正常,值得進一步繼續(xù)選育提高。其中,6月齡公羊平均體重、胸圍為28.49kg、67.44cm,周歲公羊平均體重、胸圍為63.56kg、90.16cm,成年公羊平均體重、胸圍為81.60kg、102.4cm。6月齡母羊平均體重、胸圍為26.90kg、68.62cm,周歲母羊平均體重、胸圍為45.92kg、82.63cm,成年母羊平均體重、胸圍為64.01kg、93.02cm。綿羊的年齡不同、性別不同,其血液生化指標數(shù)值也存在差異,這也與綿羊所處營養(yǎng)狀況、外界環(huán)境及生理狀況有關(guān)。(2)肉用綿羊新類群與山羊在牧食行為上存在差異。其中,肉用綿羊新類群采食時間占放牧時間的52.5%,顯著高于山羊(P0.05);而站立游走時間占放牧時間的23.1%,極顯著低于山羊(P0.01);兩者反芻和臥息時間差異不顯著,反芻時每個食團平均咀嚼次數(shù)基本相同。肉用綿羊新類群放牧時采食量為2.64kg/只·d,高于山羊日采食量,但差異不顯著。由此可知,肉用綿羊新類群對西南巖溶地區(qū)特殊的草地生態(tài)環(huán)境適應性強,能很好地適應當?shù)氐姆拍镰h(huán)境。(3)選用4個微衛(wèi)星位點(BM1329、OarHH55、OarAE101、BM143)對肉用綿羊新類群、杜泊羊、湖羊、威寧綿羊等4個綿羊品種(群體)進行遺傳多態(tài)性分析,4個微衛(wèi)星位點在所有綿羊群體中均表現(xiàn)出高度多態(tài),共檢測到41個等位基因,多態(tài)信息含量和雜合度平均值分別在0.6950~0.8375和0.7527~0.8634之間。其中,肉用綿羊新類群的多態(tài)信息含量和雜合度平均值分別為0.8128和0.8487,說明肉用綿羊新類群群體具有豐富的遺傳多態(tài)性。在UPGMA法構(gòu)建的系統(tǒng)發(fā)生樹中,肉用綿羊新類群與湖羊群體先聚為一類,再和貴州地方品種威寧綿羊聚為一類,然后與引進品種杜泊羊聚為一類。綜上所述,在西南巖溶地區(qū),以杜泊羊為父本、湖羊為母本進行肉用綿羊雜交生產(chǎn)是理想的選擇,繼續(xù)加強對西南巖溶地區(qū)肉用綿羊新類群的選育提高,有望將其培育成優(yōu)良的肉羊品種(群體)。
[Abstract]:The karst area of southwest China has good water and heat conditions and abundant grassland resources, which is suitable for the development of grassland ecological animal husbandry. However, the development of grassland animal husbandry in this area lags behind due to the lack of specialized mutton sheep breeds and other factors. Qinglong County of Guizhou Province is located in the karst area of southwest China, which is a typical representative of the rural area of Guizhou Province and even the whole karst area of Southwest China. In order to build the brand of meat sheep with local advantages and solve the key problem of lack of mutton sheep breeds, Qinglong County has introduced several fine mutton sheep breeds. Among them, domestic fine mutton sheep breeds such as du Bo sheep as male parent and Hu sheep as female parent were used for crossbreeding of meat sheep. After many years of natural and artificial selection, a new sheep population, meat sheep new group, was gradually formed. In this paper, the germplasm characteristics of a new breed of meat sheep in karst area of southwest China were studied by means of in vivo measurement, tracking and observation, mask method and microsatellite marker, so as to make rational use of germplasm resources. The development of grassland ecological animal husbandry plays a guiding role. The contents of the study included body weight measurement, blood biochemical index measurement, grazing behavior observation, feed intake measurement, microsatellite genetic polymorphism analysis and so on. The results showed that: (1) the growth rate of the new group of meat sheep was fast, the body weight and body size were good, and the biochemical index of blood was normal, which was worthy of further breeding. The average body weight of 6 month old male sheep was 28.49 kg / 67.44 cm, the average weight of male sheep was 63.56 kg / kg 90.16 cm, the average weight of adult male sheep was 81.60 kg / 102.4 cm / month old ewe, the chest circumference was 26.90 kg / 68.62 cm, the average breast circumference of female sheep was 45.92 kg / 82.63 cm, and the average weight of adult ewe was 45.92 kg / 82.63 cm, respectively. The chest circumference was 64.01 kg / kg and 93.02 cm. The blood biochemical indexes of sheep are different with age and sex, which is related to the nutritional status, external environment and physiological condition of sheep. (2) there are differences in grazing behavior between the new group of meat sheep and goats. Among them, the feeding time of the new group of meat sheep was 52.5% of the grazing time, which was significantly higher than that of the goats (P0.05), while the standing walking time was 23.1% of the grazing time, which was significantly lower than that of the goats (P0.01). The average chewing times of each feeding group were the same when regurgitating. The feed intake of the new group of meat sheep was 2.64kg/ d, which was higher than that of goats, but the difference was not significant. It can be concluded that the new group of meat sheep has strong adaptability to the special grassland ecological environment in the karst area of southwest China, and can adapt to the local grazing environment very well. (3) four microsatellite loci (BM1329,OarHH55,OarAE101,BM143) are used to treat the new group of meat sheep, du Bo sheep and Hu sheep. Genetic polymorphisms of 4 sheep breeds (populations) including Weining sheep were analyzed. Four microsatellite loci were highly polymorphic in all sheep populations and 41 alleles were detected. The average values of polymorphic information content and heterozygosity were 0.6950 ~ 0.8375 and 0.7527 ~ 0.8634, respectively. The average values of polymorphism information content and heterozygosity of the new group were 0.8128 and 0.8487 respectively, which indicated that the new population of meat sheep had abundant genetic polymorphism. In the phylogenetic tree constructed by UPGMA method, the new breed of meat sheep and Hu sheep were first clustered into one class, then the local breed of Guizhou Weining sheep, and then with the introduced breed du Bo sheep. To sum up, in the karst area of southwest China, it is an ideal choice to crossbreed meat sheep with du Bo sheep as male parent and Hu sheep as female parent, and continue to strengthen the breeding and improvement of new breed of meat sheep in southwest karst area. It is hoped that it will be cultivated into a good breed (colony) of meat sheep.
【學位授予單位】：安徽農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S826

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