【摘要】：雞滑液囊支原體(Mycoplasma synoviae,MS)是一種主要引起慢性疾病的家禽病原,主要侵害雞和火雞,引起滑膜炎及呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病。病雞表現(xiàn)出關(guān)節(jié)滲出性滑膜炎、關(guān)節(jié)及腳墊腫脹、氣囊炎等。該病原在全球范圍內(nèi)廣泛傳播,雖死亡率低,但雞群感染造成產(chǎn)蛋量下降或肉質(zhì)下降、孵化率降低等給養(yǎng)雞業(yè)造成了巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。某種蛋雞場(chǎng)受到雞滑液囊支原體的感染,本研究通過(guò)建立PCR檢測(cè)方法,對(duì)父母代雞進(jìn)行傳播規(guī)律研究,并對(duì)感染可能的來(lái)源進(jìn)行了初步調(diào)查,對(duì)該種蛋雞場(chǎng)控制該病傳播具有指導(dǎo)意義。主要結(jié)果如下:1.建立了靈敏度高的PCR檢測(cè)方法;對(duì)父母代雞群從1日齡開始進(jìn)行了跟蹤實(shí)驗(yàn):50只雞每2周采集血清、咽拭子及肛拭子,用PCR方法檢測(cè)病原,用ELISA方法檢測(cè)血清中抗體。揭示了雞滑液支原體在雞群中的傳播規(guī)律:1日齡時(shí),雛雞體內(nèi)未檢出病原,但母源抗體高;6周內(nèi),雞體內(nèi)未檢出MS病原,母源抗體水平下降至0,不能再保護(hù)雞群免受感染;第8周開始,咽拭子樣品中開始出現(xiàn)病原,同時(shí)抗體水平升高,雞群受到感染;10周至14周抗體陽(yáng)性率快速升高,至全群陽(yáng)性,是MS在雞群中快速傳播的階段;但病原始終只在咽拭子中檢測(cè)到,肛拭子、血清中未見陽(yáng)性,表明該次感染途徑為呼吸道傳播,未經(jīng)消化道排毒。2.對(duì)孵化車間7個(gè)點(diǎn)3次重復(fù)環(huán)境檢測(cè)、父母代雞舍環(huán)境7個(gè)點(diǎn)進(jìn)雞前、養(yǎng)殖過(guò)程中的重復(fù)環(huán)境檢測(cè)均顯示MS陰性,表明父母代感染的MS并非來(lái)自環(huán)境污染。對(duì)父母代雞使用的全部活疫苗每個(gè)批次均進(jìn)行了外源病原檢測(cè),未發(fā)現(xiàn)MS陽(yáng)性的疫苗,故父母代感染的MS也不是來(lái)自疫苗的外源感染。排除了感染父母代雞的雞滑液囊支原體來(lái)自孵化車間、雞舍及活疫苗的可能性。根據(jù)病原的傳播規(guī)律,推斷病原由祖代垂直傳播而來(lái)。
[Abstract]:Mycoplasma synoviae MS (Mycoplasma synoviae MS) is a kind of poultry pathogen which mainly causes chronic diseases, mainly invades chicken and turkey, and causes synovitis and respiratory diseases. The diseased chicken showed exudative synovitis, swelling of joint and foot pad, balloon inflammation and so on. The pathogen is widely spread in the world. Although the mortality rate is low, the number of eggs or meat quality is decreased, and the hatchability is reduced, which has caused great economic losses to the chicken industry. Some layers were infected by Mycoplasma synovium. In this study, a PCR method was established to study the transmission rules of parent chickens, and the possible sources of infection were preliminarily investigated. It is of guiding significance to control the spread of the disease in this kind of laying chicken farm. The main results are as follows: 1. A highly sensitive PCR method was established for the detection of the pathogens in the chickens of parents' generation, and the serum samples, pharynx swabs and anal swabs were collected every 2 weeks from 1 day old to 50 broilers. The pathogens were detected by PCR, and the antibodies in the serum were detected by Elisa. The results showed that the transmission rule of mycoplasma synovial fluid in chickens was that no pathogen was detected in chicks at the age of 1 day, but no MS pathogen was detected in chickens with high maternal antibody within 6 weeks, and the maternal antibody level decreased to 0, which could no longer protect the chickens from infection. At the 8th week, the pathogen began to appear in the throat swabs, and the antibody level increased, and the positive rate of antibodies increased rapidly from 10 weeks to 14 weeks after infection, which was the stage of rapid transmission of MS in chickens. But the pathogen was only detected in pharynx swab, anal swab, no positive in serum, indicating that the route of infection is respiratory tract transmission, without detoxification of digestive tract. 2. In hatching workshop, the repeated environment was detected 3 times at 7 points of incubation workshop, and before 7 points of parents acting for chicken house. The repeated environmental test in breeding process showed MS negative, indicating that the MS infected by parent generation was not from environmental pollution. All the live vaccines used by parents were tested for exogenous pathogens, no MS positive vaccine was found, so the MS infected by parents was not from the exogenous infection of vaccine. The possibility that mycoplasma synovial sac from hatching workshop, chicken coop and live vaccine was excluded. According to the law of pathogen transmission, it is inferred that the pathogen was transmitted vertically from ancestral generation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S858.31

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