本文選題：肉雞氣管阻塞 + 病理組織學�。� 參考：《聊城大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：肉雞氣管阻塞是我國北方地區(qū)近年來廣泛發(fā)生的一種嚴重的綜合性、流行性呼吸道疾病,在不同規(guī)模、不同品種、不同養(yǎng)殖方式的養(yǎng)殖場皆有發(fā)生。該病發(fā)病速度快,治療困難,死亡率高,給廣大養(yǎng)殖戶帶來了巨大的經(jīng)濟損失。為了更深入的了解肉雞氣管阻塞的癥狀及發(fā)病機理,本研究利用病理組織學、生物化學、藥敏試驗以及第二代Miseq高通量測序等方法,對山東聊城地區(qū)肉雞養(yǎng)殖場中氣管阻塞病例進行病理組織學的觀察、病原體的分離鑒定、病原細菌藥敏試驗以及發(fā)病肉雞呼吸系統(tǒng)內(nèi)細菌和真菌微生物多樣性及其相關性進行研究,為臨床上肉雞氣管阻塞疾病的防治提供理論依據(jù)。病理組織學觀察。采取臨床上自然發(fā)病肉雞的肺臟和氣管,進行常規(guī)石蠟切片、H.E.染色和改良PTAH染色,利用剖檢和病理組織學方法觀察其病理變化,為肉雞氣管阻塞發(fā)病機制研究和臨床防控提供理論依據(jù)。結(jié)果顯示,氣管阻塞發(fā)病肉雞的氣管環(huán)充血、出血,氣管、支氣管內(nèi)有黃白色干酪樣阻塞物,阻塞多發(fā)生在支氣管與肺臟連接處。氣管黏膜充血、出血,并有炎性細胞浸潤,上皮細胞嚴重脫落;肺臟出血、淤血明顯;肺臟細支氣管阻塞,阻塞物主要為脫落的上皮細胞、血細胞以及滲出的纖維和蛋白。說明發(fā)病雞出現(xiàn)了較嚴重的組織損傷,并伴有炎性反應。病原體的分離鑒定。無菌采集患有典型氣管阻塞癥狀的病死肉雞肺臟,采用培養(yǎng)特性、生化試驗等方法對細菌進行分離鑒定,以及對分離菌株進行藥敏試驗;同時采用雞胚接種、血凝和血凝抑制試驗以及分子生物學方法進行病毒的分離鑒定,研究肉雞氣管阻塞疾病的部分致病因素。結(jié)果顯示,從10份病例中均分離到大腸桿菌和金黃色葡萄球菌,分離菌株對常用抗生素均表現(xiàn)出不同程度的耐藥性,且呈嚴重的多重耐藥現(xiàn)象;H9N2 AIV和NDV的分離率分別為80%和30%,兩者共感染率為30%。表明肉雞氣管阻塞疾病是由多種病原體聯(lián)合導致,且混合感染嚴重。細菌多樣性分析。采用第二代Miseq高通量測序方法對發(fā)病與健康雞只的肺臟和氣管內(nèi)微生物進行檢測,并分析各樣品中菌種類別、群落組成、不同樣品之間物種差異以及與疾病發(fā)生的關系。結(jié)果顯示,在肺臟和氣管內(nèi)共檢測到270種細菌,隸屬13門、23綱、39目、74科、140屬。病例氣管中細菌數(shù)比肺臟高,同時也比健康氣管略有增多,而多數(shù)病例肺臟內(nèi)細菌數(shù)比健康肺臟少。結(jié)果表明,不同樣品之間存在一定的物種差異,地域?qū)悠分屑毦M成影響較大,引發(fā)肉雞氣管阻塞的細菌病原體也存有不同,主要有支原體、大腸桿菌、志賀氏菌、里氏桿菌、棒狀桿菌、葡萄球菌、鳥桿菌和腸球菌等;此外,所占比例較大的乳酸球菌和乳酸桿菌是益生菌。真菌多樣性分析。對患有氣管阻塞的肉雞肺臟和氣管內(nèi)真菌微生物多樣性進行分析,結(jié)果共分類出4門、18綱、49目、91科、147屬、403種真菌。在門的分類水平上,各樣品的真菌微生物以子囊菌門和擔子菌門為主,接合菌門在健康肺臟中占一定的比例,還有一些難以鑒定的真菌門類。在屬的分類水平上,優(yōu)勢菌屬主要有曲霉屬、翹孢霉屬、酵母、鏈格孢屬、分枝孢子菌屬、念珠菌屬、毛孢子菌屬和鐮刀菌屬等。
[Abstract]:Chicken tracheal obstruction is a serious of northern China in recent years the widespread occurrence, prevalence of respiratory diseases, in different scale, different varieties, different types of aquaculture farms have occurred. The incidence of the disease is difficult to treat, fast, high mortality rate, bring huge economic losses to the broad culture in order to further. Understand the symptoms and pathogenesis of chicken tracheal obstruction, the histopathology, biochemistry, drug sensitive test and the second generation Miseq high-throughput sequencing, observation on broiler farms in Shandong Liaocheng tracheal obstruction were area, isolation and identification of pathogens, pathogenic bacteria and drug sensitivity test For bacteria and fungi, microbial diversity and correlation of disease of respiratory system in broiler research, to provide theory for clinical treatment on broiler tracheal obstructive diseases. Histopathology of the lungs and trachea. Take the natural incidence of broiler clinical, conventional paraffin sections, H.E. staining and modified PTAH staining by autopsy and pathology To observe the pathological changes of histological methods, provide a theoretical basis for the study of the pathogenesis of airway obstruction in Broilers and clinical prevention and control. The results showed that the incidence of airway obstruction in broiler tracheal congestion, hemorrhage, trachea, bronchus with yellowish caseous obstruction, obstruction occurred at the junction of bronchial and lung. Tracheal mucosal hyperemia, hemorrhage, and With the infiltration of inflammatory cells, epithelial cells exfoliation; lung hemorrhage, congestion was obvious; lung bronchial obstruction, the obstruction mainly for exfoliated epithelial cells, blood cells and exudation of fiber and protein. The diseased chicken appeared more severe tissue injury, accompanied by inflammatory reaction. Isolation and identification of pathogens were collected. With typical Airway obstruction symptoms with mortality of broilers lung, culture characteristics, biochemical test and other methods for isolation and identification of bacteria and drug sensitive test isolates; at the same time by chicken embryo inoculation, hemagglutination and hemagglutination inhibition test and molecular biological methods for virus separation and identification, the study on tracheal obstructive diseases caused by part Disease factors. The results showed that all isolated Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in 10 cases, isolates to antibiotics showed different degrees of resistance and multidrug resistant phenomenon is serious; separation of H9N2 AIV and NDV were 80% and 30%, both showed that the infection rate of 30%. broilers many diseases are caused by airway obstruction Pathogens combine to cause, and mixed infection. Serious bacterial diversity analysis. The second generation of Miseq high-throughput sequencing methods and the incidence of healthy chickens in the lungs and trachea of microbial detection, and analysis of species in each sample category, community composition, species differences between the sample and the relationship with disease. The results showed that, In the lung and trachea were detected in 270 species of bacteria, belonging to 13 phyla, 23 classes, 39 orders, 74 families, 140 genera of bacteria. The number of cases in the trachea and lungs than higher than healthy trachea slightly increased, but the majority of cases in the lung bacterial count than healthy lungs less. The results show that the existence of certain species differences the different samples between regions of the bacteria in the sample composition Influence caused by bacterial pathogens have different broiler tracheal obstruction, mainly Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Shigella, anatipestifer, Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus, bacillus and Enterococcus bird; in addition, a larger proportion of the lactic acid bacteria and probiotics is Lactobacillus. Analysis of fungal diversity. For patients with airway obstruction the meat Analysis of the chicken lung and trachea fungi in microbial diversity, the classification of 4 doors, 18 classes, 49 orders, 91 families, 147 genera, 403 species of fungi. The level of classification on the door, fungi samples to Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, Zygomycota accounted for a certain proportion in the there are some healthy lung, it is difficult to identify the fungi categories. In the classification of the genus, dominant bacteria genera were mainly Aspergillus, Emericella, yeast, Alternaria, Cladosporium, Candida, Trichosporon spp. and Fusarium.
【學位授予單位】：聊城大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S858.31

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