發(fā)布時間：2018-05-16 15:03

  本文選題：固態(tài)發(fā)酵 + 棉籽粕　； 參考：《安徽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：本實驗選用酵母菌、枯草芽孢桿菌、短小芽孢桿菌三種菌混合固態(tài)發(fā)酵棉籽粕,探索發(fā)酵降解棉籽粕中游離棉酚(FG)的最優(yōu)條件組合。用最優(yōu)條件組合情況下發(fā)酵的棉籽粕分別按照0%(對照組)、50%(B組)、75%(C組)、100%(D組)的比例替代豆粕飼喂奧白星肉鴨,同時設(shè)定用普通棉籽粕100%替代豆粕組(A組),探索肉鴨對該發(fā)酵棉籽粕的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)利用率以及發(fā)酵棉籽粕對肉鴨生長性能、血清生化指標(biāo)、屠宰性能、免疫器官指數(shù)和腸道絨隱比的影響,綜合評價該發(fā)酵棉籽粕對肉鴨的飼喂效果。研究結(jié)果如下:實驗一:混菌固態(tài)發(fā)酵棉籽粕工藝參數(shù)的研究最佳接種時間的確定:通過獨立培養(yǎng)酵母菌、枯草芽孢桿菌、短小芽孢桿菌,繪制生長曲線。根據(jù)生長曲線看出,三個菌種均在22h至24h達到最大吸光度,表明菌種活性達到最強,因此選擇培養(yǎng)22h作為擴大培養(yǎng)轉(zhuǎn)接階段的最優(yōu)時間。最佳菌種接種比例的確定:按照正交表L_9(3~4)設(shè)置三因素四水平的正交試驗,將三菌種以10%的接種量接種入料水比1:0.8(w/v)的棉籽粕,控制溫度32℃,PH6.5,發(fā)酵3天。結(jié)果表明,當(dāng)酵母菌、枯草芽孢桿菌、短小芽孢桿菌接種比例為3:3:2時,游離棉酚的降解率達到最高,為83.9%。最佳發(fā)酵溫度、PH、料水比和發(fā)酵時間組合的確定:按照正交表L16(45)設(shè)置四因素五水平的正交試驗,將酵母菌、枯草芽孢桿菌、短小芽孢桿菌以3:3:2的接種比例接種10%,在不同發(fā)酵溫度、PH、料水比和發(fā)酵時間情況下發(fā)酵棉籽粕。結(jié)果表明,當(dāng)溫度為34℃,pH為6.5,料水比為1:0.8時,發(fā)酵5天取得最佳實驗結(jié)果,游離棉酚降解率達到87.6%。發(fā)酵產(chǎn)品的營養(yǎng)價值評價:發(fā)酵后,粗蛋白含量提高24.55%,鈣含量提高15.00%,磷含量提高22.30%;粗脂肪、粗纖維和粗灰分含量有不同程度降低;各種氨基酸含量均有增加,蛋氨酸、賴氨酸、苯丙氨酸等動物機體必需氨基酸分別提高了13.95%、16.13%、10.14%,酪氨酸提高了19.69%,精氨酸提高了14.25%。發(fā)酵產(chǎn)生了蛋白酶、淀粉酶,活菌數(shù)達到16.5×10~8cfu/g。發(fā)酵在有效去除抗?fàn)I養(yǎng)因子的同時改善了棉籽粕的營養(yǎng)品質(zhì)。實驗二:發(fā)酵棉籽粕在肉鴨中的飼喂效果研究發(fā)酵棉籽粕對肉鴨營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)利用率的影響:與對照組比較,肉鴨生長前期(3~21d)和后期(22~42d),A組干物質(zhì)、粗蛋白、有機物的利用率均有下降,B、C、D組各營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)利用率均有提高。C組各營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)利用率均有顯著提高(P0.05),肉鴨生長前期,各營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)利用率分別提高8.89%、12.28%、10.63%,肉鴨生長后期,各營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)利用率分別提高9.56%、12.82%、8.70%。發(fā)酵棉籽粕對肉鴨生長性能的影響:與對照組比較,肉鴨生長前期(3~21d)、后期(22~42d)和全期(3~42d),A組料肉比均顯著升高(P0.05),B、C、D組料肉比有下降的趨勢,但差異不顯著(P0.05)。肉鴨生長全期(3~42d),C組料肉比顯著下降(P0.05),由2.61降至2.57。發(fā)酵棉粕對肉鴨血液生化指標(biāo)的影響:與對照組比較,B、C、D組T-CHO、TG、HDL-C、GLU、TP均有升高的趨勢,但差異不顯著(P0.05)。LDL-C、BUN均有下降的趨勢,但差異不顯著(P0.05)。說明發(fā)酵棉籽粕對肉鴨血液生化指標(biāo)無顯著影響。發(fā)酵棉粕對肉鴨屠宰性能的影響:與對照組比較,B、C、D組屠宰率、胸肌率、腿肌率均有提高的趨勢,其中屠宰率和腿肌率差異不顯著(P0.05),D組胸肌率顯著提高(P0.05)。與對照組比較,B、C、D組全凈膛率、半凈膛率、腹脂率均無顯著提高或降低。說明發(fā)酵棉籽粕對肉鴨屠宰性能無負面影響。發(fā)酵棉籽粕對肉鴨免疫器官指數(shù)的影響:與對照組比較,21日齡肉鴨和42日齡肉鴨B、C、D組免疫器官指數(shù)均有升高的趨勢,其中C組效果最好,21日齡肉鴨脾臟和胸腺指數(shù)顯著提高(P0.05),42日齡肉鴨脾臟指數(shù)顯著提高(P0.05)。發(fā)酵棉籽粕對肉鴨小腸絨隱比的影響:與對照組比較,21日齡肉鴨和42日齡肉鴨B、C、D組小腸絨隱比均有升高的趨勢,其中C組效果最好,十二指腸和空腸絨隱比均顯著提高(P0.05)。
[Abstract]:In this experiment, yeast, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus short spore three strains mixed solid state fermentation of cottonseed meal to explore the optimal combination of free gossypol (FG) in cottonseed meal, and the proportion of fermented cottonseed meal under optimal conditions was 0% (control group), 50% (B group), 75% (C group), and 100% (D group) instead of soybean meal feeding. The use of ordinary cottonseed meal 100% instead of soybean meal group (group A) was set up to explore the nutrient utilization ratio of meat duck to the fermented cottonseed meal and the effects of fermented cottonseed meal on the growth performance, serum biochemical index, slaughter performance, immune organ index and intestinal cashmere ratio, and the feeding of the fermented cottonseed meal to meat ducks was evaluated. The results were as follows: Experiment 1: the optimum inoculation time was determined by the process parameters of the solid state fermentation of cottonseed meal. The growth curves were drawn by independent culture of yeast, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus subtilis. According to the growth curve, the maximum absorbency of the three strains were reached from 22h to 24h, indicating that the bacterial activity reached the highest. As a result, 22h was chosen as the best time to expand the transition stage. Optimum inoculation ratio was determined: orthogonal test of three factors and four levels was set up according to the orthogonal table L_9 (3~4), and the inoculation amount of three strains was inoculated into the cottonseed meal of feed water than 1:0.8 (w/v), and the temperature was 32, PH6.5, and 3 days. The results showed that the yeast was a yeast. When the inoculation ratio of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus subtilis was 3:3:2, the degradation rate of free gossypol reached the highest, which was the optimum fermentation temperature of 83.9%., PH, the ratio of material to water and the combination of fermentation time. The orthogonal experiment was set up by the orthogonal table L16 (45) to set the four factors and five levels, and the inoculation of yeast, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus sp. with 3:3:2 Cotton seed meal was fermented with 10% inoculation, at different fermentation temperatures, PH, feed water ratio and fermentation time. The results showed that when the temperature was 34, pH was 6.5, and the ratio of feed to water was 1:0.8, the optimum experimental results were obtained in 5 days. The free gossypol degradation rate reached the value of the camping value of the 87.6%. fermented product: after fermentation, the crude protein content was increased by 24.55%, calcium content was 24.55%. The amount of phosphorus increased by 15%, the content of phosphorus increased by 22.30%, the content of crude fat, crude fiber and crude ash decreased in varying degrees, the content of various amino acids increased, the essential amino acids of methionine, lysine and phenylalanine were increased by 13.95%, 16.13%, 10.14%, and tyrosine increased by 19.69%, and arginine increased 14.25%. fermentation to produce eggs. White enzyme, amylase, living bacteria number reached 16.5 x 10~8cfu/g. fermentation to effectively remove the anti nutrient factors and improve the nutritional quality of cottonseed meal. Experiment two: the effect of fermented cottonseed meal in meat duck study on the effect of fermented cottonseed meal on the utilization rate of meat duck nutrition: compared with that in the group, the early stage (3~21d) and the later stage (22~42 D), the utilization ratio of dry matter, crude protein and organic matter in group A decreased, and the utilization ratio of each nutrient substance in group.C and B, C and D increased significantly (P0.05). The utilization rate of nutrient substances increased by 8.89%, 12.28%, 10.63% respectively in the early stage of growth of meat ducks, and the utilization rate of nutrients in meat ducks increased by 9.56%, 12. respectively. 82%, the effect of 8.70%. fermented cottonseed meal on the growth performance of meat duck: compared with the control group, the growth stage of meat ducks (3~21d), the later (22~42d) and the whole period (3~42d), the ratio of meat to meat in A group increased significantly (P0.05), B, C, D group meat ratio decreased, but the difference was not significant (P0.05). The effect of 2.57. fermented cotton meal on the blood biochemical indexes of meat duck: compared with the control group, B, C, D group, T-CHO, TG, HDL-C, GLU, TP all increased, but the difference was not significant (P0.05).LDL-C, the difference was not significant. It showed that the fermented cottonseed meal had no significant effect on the blood biochemical indexes of meat ducks. The effect of slaughter performance: compared with the control group, the slaughter rate, the chest muscle rate and the leg muscle rate in the B, C and D groups were improved, and the slaughter rate and the leg muscle rate were not significantly different (P0.05), and the chest muscle rate of the D group was significantly increased (P0.05). Compared with the control group, the total net chamber rate, the half net chamber rate and the abdominal fat rate of the B, C, and D groups were not significantly improved or decreased. The effect of duck slaughter performance was not negative. The effect of fermented cottonseed meal on the immune organ index of meat ducks: compared with the control group, the immune organ index of B, C and D groups of 21 day old and 42 day old ducks increased, among which the C group had the best effect, the spleen and thymus index of 21 day old ducks increased significantly (P0.05), and the spleen index of 42 day old ducks increased significantly (P 0.05) the effect of fermented cottonseed meal on the hidden ratio of small intestinal cashmere in meat duck: compared with the control group, the hidden ratio of small intestinal cashmere in B, C and D groups of 21 day old ducks and 42 days old meat ducks increased, and the effect of group C was best, and the saphenous ratio of duodenum and jejunum increased significantly (P0.05).

【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S834.5

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