本文選題：圓捆打捆機 + 液體添加裝置��； 參考：《東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著我國水稻收獲機械化的推廣,水稻收獲時稻稈還處于青綠狀態(tài),其各項指標適于作青貯飼料。目前,較先進的稻稈青貯收獲工藝通常包括:水稻收獲機收獲水稻籽粒并鋪放稻稈,向鋪放的稻稈中人工噴灑青貯添加劑,利用打捆機將鋪放在田間的稻稈打捆,稻稈捆包膜袋貯。這種稻稈青貯收獲工藝有利于提高稻稈青貯品質(zhì)。針對青貯稻稈適收期短及人工噴灑青貯添加劑不均勻等現(xiàn)狀,本文設(shè)計出液體添加裝置,并將其配裝在國內(nèi)稻稈收獲廣泛使用的打捆機上,實現(xiàn)在撿拾打捆同時將青貯添加劑均勻噴入稻稈捆中,減少青貯收獲作業(yè)環(huán)節(jié),提高稻稈捆中青貯添加劑的分布均勻度,從而獲得優(yōu)質(zhì)的青貯飼料。本文利用噴霧試驗臺、圓捆機試驗臺對液體添加裝置進行深入的試驗研究,試驗結(jié)果可為液體添加裝置的設(shè)計及稻稈青貯收獲工作參數(shù)的優(yōu)化提供理論依據(jù)與技術(shù)支持。主要研究如下:(1)針對圓捆機設(shè)計液體添加裝置,該裝置主要由貯液箱、進液管、出液管、噴霧泵、噴嘴、直動式溢流閥、壓力表等組成。利用Solidworks三維軟件構(gòu)建貯液箱、噴管及各零部件的三維模型,并對各零部件進行虛擬裝配及干涉檢查,為各零部件的加工及液體添加裝置的設(shè)計提供參考。利用植保機械噴霧試驗臺,以變異系數(shù)作為霧滴分布均勻性評價指標,對液體添加裝置進行霧滴分布均勻性試驗研究,試驗結(jié)果表明:選取的四因素對液體添加裝置霧滴分布均勻性的影響順序為:噴嘴角度噴霧壓力噴幅重疊率噴嘴直徑。隨著噴幅重疊率和噴嘴直徑的增加,變異系數(shù)呈增加的趨勢;隨著噴嘴角度的增加變異系數(shù)呈先減小后增加的趨勢;隨著噴霧壓力的增加,變異系數(shù)逐漸降低。通過響應(yīng)曲面分析法,建立了各試驗因素與評價指標的響應(yīng)曲面模型,確定了霧滴均勻分布的優(yōu)化參數(shù)組合:得到當噴幅重疊率為42.23%;噴嘴直徑為1.68mm;噴嘴角度為45°;噴霧壓力為0.7MPa時,霧滴分布均勻性最好,變異系數(shù)為9.5%。(2)利用荷蘭飛利浦公司生產(chǎn)的FEI Sirion掃描電子顯微鏡,對稻稈不同部位的葉鞘表面進行微觀結(jié)構(gòu)觀察。電鏡掃描結(jié)果表明:葉鞘從根部到梢部鉤毛及球狀凸起的單元結(jié)構(gòu)間距逐漸增加,單元結(jié)構(gòu)直徑逐漸減小且差異顯著。利用自制的液體添加裝置與傳送帶為試驗臺,在固定噴量條件下,選取取樣部位、噴嘴角度和噴嘴直徑為試驗因素,以單位葉鞘面積上生物染料麗春紅S溶液(示蹤劑)的沉積量為試驗評價指標,進行三因素五水平正交旋轉(zhuǎn)噴霧沉積試驗。試驗結(jié)果表明:選取的三因素對葉鞘表面霧滴沉積量的影響順序為:葉鞘取樣部位噴嘴角度噴嘴直徑。取樣部位越靠近根部、噴嘴角度越小、噴嘴直徑越小有助于提高沉積量。為明確青貯添加劑在葉鞘表面上的沉積及流失規(guī)律提供理論依據(jù)。(3)利用配置液體添加裝置的圓捆機試驗臺,模擬田間進行稻稈青貯收獲試驗研究,以噴霧壓力、噴嘴角度和草捆干物質(zhì)量為試驗因素,稻稈捆中生物染料麗春紅S溶液(示蹤劑)的分布均勻度為試驗評價指標,進行三因素三水平正交試驗。試驗結(jié)果表明:在試驗范圍內(nèi),各因素對稻稈捆中示蹤劑分布均勻度的影響順序為:草捆干物質(zhì)量噴霧壓力噴嘴角度。均勻度隨著草捆干物質(zhì)量增加呈先下降后上升的趨勢,隨著噴霧壓力的增加呈先下降后上升的趨勢,隨著噴霧角度的增加呈先上升后緩慢下降的趨勢。由極差分析得到最優(yōu)組合為A1 B3 C1,即當草捆干物質(zhì)量為12kg;噴霧壓力為1.2MPa;噴嘴角度為-30°時,變異系數(shù)為15.6%。為稻稈青貯收獲工作參數(shù)的確定及液體添加裝置的優(yōu)化提供支持。
[Abstract]:With the popularization of rice harvesting mechanization in China, rice straw is still in green state when rice harvest is still in green state, and its various indexes are suitable for silage. At present, the advanced technology of harvesting rice straw is usually included: rice harvester harvest rice grain and lay rice stalk, spraying silage additive to the planted rice stalk, and use the baling machine to spread the rice straw. In order to improve the quality of the rice stalk silage, the rice straw silage harvesting technology is beneficial to the quality of the rice stalk silage. In this paper, the liquid adding device is designed and installed on the baling machine which is widely used in the domestic rice straw. At the same time, the silage additives were evenly sprayed into the rice straw bales, the silage harvesting operation was reduced, the distribution uniformity of the green storage additives in the straw bales was improved, and the quality of the silage was obtained. The design of the body adding device and the optimization of the parameters of the rice straw silage harvesting provide the theoretical basis and technical support. The main research is as follows: (1) the liquid adding device for the baling machine is designed. The device is mainly composed of the liquid storage tank, the inlet pipe, the outlet pipe, the spray pump, the nozzle, the direct actuated overflow valve, the pressure meter and so on. The three-dimensional model of the liquid storage tank, nozzle and various parts, and the virtual assembly and interference check of each component, can be used as a reference for the processing of various parts and the design of the liquid adding device. The experimental results show that the influence sequence of the four factors on the droplet distribution uniformity of the liquid adding device is: the nozzle angle spray pressure spray nozzle diameter. With the increase of the nozzle overlap and the nozzle diameter, the variation coefficient tends to increase, and the coefficient of variation decreases with the increase of the nozzle angle. With the increase of the spray pressure, the coefficient of variation gradually decreases with the increase of spray pressure. By response surface analysis, the response surface model of each test factor and evaluation index is established, and the optimal parameter combination of the uniform distribution of the droplets is determined: the spray nozzle overlap ratio is 42.23%, the nozzle diameter is 1.68mm, the nozzle angle is 45 degrees, and the spray pressure is the spray pressure. In the case of 0.7MPa, the uniformity of droplet distribution was best, the coefficient of variation was 9.5%. (2), using FEI Sirion scanning electron microscope produced by Holland PHILPS company to observe the microstructure of the surface of the leaf sheath in different parts of the rice straw. The diameter of the unit structure is gradually reduced and the difference is significant. Using the self-made liquid adding device and the conveyor belt as the test platform, the sample location, the nozzle angle and the nozzle diameter are selected under the fixed injection conditions, and the amount of the S solution (tracer) of the biological dye of the unit leaf sheath area is three. The experimental results show that the influence sequence of the selected three factors on the droplet deposition on the surface of the leaf sheath is the diameter of the nozzle angle nozzle in the leaf sheath. The closer the sampling site is to the root, the smaller the nozzle angle is, the smaller the nozzle diameter is, the smaller the nozzle diameter will help to increase the amount of deposition, and to make clear the silage additive in the leaf sheath. The regularity of deposition and loss on the surface provides a theoretical basis. (3) the experiment of a round baling machine with a liquid adding device is used to simulate the experiment of rice straw silage harvesting in the field. The distribution uniformity of the S solution (tracer) of the biological dye in the rice stalk bales is the test factor of the spray pressure, the nozzle angle and the dry matter quality of the bales. Three factors and three horizontal orthogonal experiments were carried out. The results showed that in the range of test, the order of the influence of each factor to the distribution uniformity of the tracer in the rice straw bales was the angle of the spray pressure nozzle of the dry matter mass, and the uniformity of the dry matter with the increase of the dry matter quality first descended and then increased with the increase of the spray pressure. The trend of first descending and then rising, as the spray angle increases first and then slows down, the optimal combination is A1 B3 C1, that is, when the dry mass of the bales is 12kg, the spray pressure is 1.2MPa, and the nozzle angle is -30 degrees, the variation coefficient is 15.6%. for the determination of the working parameters of the rice straw silage and the liquid adding device. The optimization provides support.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S817.1

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