【摘要】：隨著全球環(huán)境的不斷變化，傳染病的不斷發(fā)生給人類造成了很大的威脅。傳染病患者及病原攜帶者的權利保護情況關系到該類人群的身心健康發(fā)展，從而影響社會秩序的穩(wěn)定。認真剖析傳染病患者及病原攜帶者權利保護的狀況，對改善人類群體的健康水平有著至關重要的作用。本文從傳染病患者及病原攜帶者權利相關理論分析入手，，通過對患者、醫(yī)務人員、群眾三類人群的實證調(diào)查研究傳染病患者及病原攜帶者權利保護現(xiàn)狀，指出存在的問題并提出相應的有針對性的建議。 本研究采用了文獻分析法、問卷調(diào)查法和訪談法。采用隨機抽樣及整群抽樣的方法，選取長春市及周邊地區(qū)的普通群眾及兩家綜合醫(yī)院、兩家專科醫(yī)院的傳染病患者及相關醫(yī)務人員進行問卷調(diào)查，數(shù)據(jù)錄入后，采用Spss13.0進行統(tǒng)計分析，同時對調(diào)查對象進行訪談，訪談對象還包括衛(wèi)生法學及傳染病防治領域的老師和專家。 經(jīng)調(diào)查和訪談得到結(jié)果如下：公眾對傳染病相關知識了解匱乏；多數(shù)公眾表示比較介意與傳染病患者或病原攜帶者共處一室；多數(shù)公眾在周圍出現(xiàn)傳染病患者的前提下會注射疫苗，但很少有主動提早預防的意識；公眾之所以對傳染病患者歧視，主要因為他們認為大多數(shù)傳染病是由不良性生活導致。部分傳染病患者及病原攜帶者對自身所患疾病認識有誤，且求知欲較強烈；部分傳染病患者因害怕受到歧視在入職體檢時作弊；高昂的醫(yī)藥費開銷和強大的心理壓力是傳染病患者及病原攜帶者難以忍受的現(xiàn)狀；只有少數(shù)傳染病患者會用法律武器保護自己的權利，其主要原因是他們不懂法，其次為現(xiàn)有的法律不健全；多數(shù)患者在住院期間能夠得到如實而完整的告知；因為個人信息泄露，部分患者在住院期間曾遇到一些商家的打擾；多數(shù)醫(yī)務人員能夠在醫(yī)療工作中充分尊重傳染病患者及病原攜帶者的隱私權，并且履行告知義務，主動與患者溝通。 傳染病患者及病原攜帶者的所應享有的權利中，除了知情權保護相對較好外，平等權、隱私權和健康權的保護都有待進一步完善，不僅需要加強相關法律法規(guī)的建設，而且要強化傳染病患者及病原攜帶者醫(yī)療保障措施，同時充分發(fā)揮醫(yī)療機構及醫(yī)務人員在傳染病患者及病原攜帶者權利保護中的積極作用，并加大對傳染病相關知識的宣傳力度，而政府的支持是最根本也是最主要的力量。
[Abstract]:With the constant change of the global environment, the continuous occurrence of infectious diseases has posed a great threat to human beings. The protection of the rights of infectious disease patients and pathogen carriers is related to the physical and mental health of such people, thus affecting the stability of social order. It is very important to analyze the protection of the rights of patients and carriers of infectious diseases in order to improve the health level of human population. Based on the theoretical analysis of the rights of patients with infectious diseases and carriers of pathogens, this paper makes an empirical investigation of the rights of patients and carriers of infectious diseases through an empirical investigation of the three groups of patients, medical personnel and the masses. Points out the existing problems and puts forward corresponding suggestions. This research adopts the literature analysis method, the questionnaire survey method and the interview method. By using the methods of random sampling and cluster sampling, the general public and two general hospitals in Changchun and its surrounding areas and the infectious disease patients and related medical staff in two specialized hospitals were investigated by questionnaire, and the data were recorded. At the same time, the subjects were interviewed by Spss13.0, including teachers and experts in the field of health law and infectious disease prevention. The results of the investigation and interviews are as follows: the public lack of knowledge about infectious diseases; most of the public said that they would prefer to live in one room with patients or carriers of infectious diseases; Most of the public will be vaccinated under the premise of the emergence of infectious disease patients, but there is little awareness of proactive early prevention; the public discriminates against people with infectious diseases mainly because they believe that most infectious diseases are caused by bad sex life. Some infectious disease patients and pathogen carriers have wrong understanding of their own disease, and have a strong desire for knowledge, some infectious disease patients are afraid to be discriminated against in the medical examination, cheating; High medical expenses and strong psychological pressure are unbearable conditions for patients and carriers of infectious diseases; only a few patients with infectious diseases will use legal weapons to protect their rights, the main reason being that they do not know the law. Secondly, the existing laws are not perfect; most patients can be informed truthfully and completely while in hospital; because of personal information leakage, some patients have encountered some business interruptions while in hospital; Most medical staff can fully respect the privacy rights of patients with infectious diseases and carriers of pathogens in their medical work, and fulfill the duty of informing and actively communicate with patients. Among the rights to be enjoyed by patients with infectious diseases and carriers of pathogens, in addition to the relatively good protection of the right to know, the protection of the right to equality, the right to privacy and the right to health all need to be further improved. It is not only necessary to strengthen the construction of relevant laws and regulations. Moreover, it is necessary to strengthen medical protection measures for patients with infectious diseases and carriers of pathogens, and at the same time give full play to the positive role of medical institutions and medical personnel in the protection of the rights of patients and carriers of infectious diseases. The government support is the most fundamental and main force.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D922.16;R51

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