本文選題：輸入性瘧疾 + 口岸瘧疾控制　； 參考：《口岸衛(wèi)生控制》2016年04期

【摘要】：目的研究口岸輸入性瘧疾控制應(yīng)對(duì)機(jī)制。方法聚焦2008年至2013年六年間為研究時(shí)段,搜集全國(guó)網(wǎng)絡(luò)瘧疾疫情直報(bào)數(shù)據(jù)和萬(wàn)方數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)收錄的輸入性瘧疾流行病學(xué)調(diào)查科研文獻(xiàn),分析中國(guó)目前輸入性瘧疾流行現(xiàn)狀、趨勢(shì),研究病例分布以及病例流行規(guī)律。結(jié)果近六年來(lái),中國(guó)口岸輸入性瘧疾總體病例絕對(duì)數(shù)及發(fā)病率逐年上升,尤其以2010年至2013年輸入性瘧疾上升態(tài)勢(shì)更為嚴(yán)峻。國(guó)內(nèi)瘧疾感染以間日瘧為主,國(guó)際輸入性瘧疾流行以惡性瘧為主。輸入性瘧疾類型分布中,第一位是惡性瘧、第二位是間日瘧、第三位是卵形瘧和混合瘧。輸入性瘧疾來(lái)源分布,第一位是非洲和東南亞瘧疾流行國(guó)家和地區(qū),第二位是南美洲和緬甸、越南等與我國(guó)邊境接壤國(guó)家和地區(qū)。非洲輸入性瘧疾傳入無(wú)季節(jié)性差異,全年所有口岸均有非洲輸入性惡性瘧疾檢出;東南亞國(guó)家和地區(qū)輸入性瘧疾以間日瘧為主,集中在5、6月份。輸入性瘧疾性別分類,男性占95.6%,女性占極少數(shù),性別差異具顯著性,但無(wú)流行病學(xué)意義,與勞務(wù)派出部門的職業(yè)選擇以男性為主有關(guān)。瘧疾感染者職業(yè)分布,勞務(wù)輸出第一位,占86.7%;商務(wù)活動(dòng)第二位,占8.3%;其余為散在旅游觀光。輸入性瘧疾感染原因,在非洲野外長(zhǎng)時(shí)間從事勞務(wù)作業(yè),且有被蚊蟲(chóng)叮咬史等。輸入性瘧疾發(fā)病癥狀典型,呈現(xiàn)以面、頸、胸部潮紅,即"三紅征"為主要癥狀,初次感染者以"感冒"自我醫(yī)治而延誤病情,占22.1%。有極少數(shù)誤診、延誤病情導(dǎo)致死亡個(gè)案報(bào)道。結(jié)論重點(diǎn)研究針對(duì)來(lái)自非洲瘧疾疫區(qū)的重點(diǎn)人群的檢驗(yàn)檢疫,從源頭抓起,把輸入性瘧疾控制到最低程度。一強(qiáng)化政府主導(dǎo)大口岸衛(wèi)生控制戰(zhàn)略,設(shè)置專項(xiàng)資金投入;二強(qiáng)化部門職責(zé),深化聯(lián)防聯(lián)控機(jī)制的內(nèi)涵和外延;三強(qiáng)化依法開(kāi)展除瘧工作,建立可持續(xù)性口岸衛(wèi)生控制長(zhǎng)效機(jī)制;四加強(qiáng)專項(xiàng)科研攻關(guān),提供技術(shù)保障;五繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)與世界衛(wèi)生組織合作,參與全球千年衛(wèi)生計(jì)劃行動(dòng);六實(shí)施瘧疾高危人群防瘧健康教育和培訓(xùn),針對(duì)熱帶病預(yù)防知識(shí)培訓(xùn)并進(jìn)行培訓(xùn)認(rèn)證,同時(shí)對(duì)勞務(wù)輸出管理部門實(shí)施蚊蠅防范技能培訓(xùn)認(rèn)證;七、與旅行目的地國(guó)家衛(wèi)生當(dāng)局協(xié)作開(kāi)展防瘧合作,建立口岸跨邊境瘧疾防控合作機(jī)制,從源頭控制瘧疾的傳入。
[Abstract]:Objective to study the control mechanism of imported malaria at port. Methods during the six years from 2008 to 2013, the current situation and trend of imported malaria in China were analyzed. To study the distribution of cases and the law of case prevalence. Results in the past six years, the absolute number of imported malaria cases and the incidence of imported malaria increased year by year, especially from 2010 to 2013. Vivax malaria is the main malaria infection in China, and falciparum malaria is the main epidemic in imported malaria in the world. In the distribution of imported malaria, the first is falciparum malaria, the second is vivax malaria, the third is ovate malaria and mixed malaria. The first is the endemic countries and regions in Africa and Southeast Asia, the second is South America and Myanmar, Vietnam and other countries and regions bordering China. Imported falciparum malaria from Africa was detected at all ports in the whole year, and vivax malaria was mainly imported from Southeast Asian countries and regions, mainly in May and June. The sex classification of imported malaria included 95.6 males and a very small number of females. The gender difference was significant, but there was no epidemiological significance, which was related to the occupational selection of the labor agencies. The distribution of malaria-infected workers was the first in labor export (86.7%), the second in business activities (8.3%), and the rest in tourism and sightseeing. The cause of imported malaria infection, long time labor work in Africa, and have been bitten by mosquitoes and so on. The symptoms of imported malaria are typical, showing flashes of face, neck and chest, that is, "three red signs" as the main symptoms. The first infected patients delay their condition by "cold" self-treatment, accounting for 22.1. Very few misdiagnoses and delays have resulted in death reports. Conclusion the inspection and quarantine of the key populations from the malaria-endemic areas in Africa should be focused on, and the imported malaria should be kept to the minimum level from the source. Strengthening the government's leading health control strategy at major ports and setting up special funds; strengthening the responsibilities of the departments and deepening the connotation and extension of the joint prevention and control mechanism; and strengthening the work of eliminating malaria according to law, To establish a long-term mechanism for sustainable port health control; (4) to strengthen special scientific research to tackle key problems and provide technical support; and (5) to continue to strengthen cooperation with the World Health Organization and participate in the global Millennium Health Plan; Implementation of malaria health education and training for high risk groups of malaria, training and certification of knowledge on prevention of tropical diseases, and training and certification of mosquito and fly prevention skills for labor export management departments; To cooperate with the health authorities of the countries of travel destination in malaria control, and to establish a cooperation mechanism for the prevention and control of malaria across the border at ports to control the introduction of malaria from the source.
【作者單位】： 河南出入境檢驗(yàn)檢疫局;
【分類號(hào)】：R531.3;R185

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