【摘要】： 隨著現(xiàn)代城市建設(shè)和交通的發(fā)展,城市環(huán)境噪聲污染已經(jīng)成為世界各國(guó)大城市面臨的一個(gè)重要環(huán)境問題,噪聲污染隨著機(jī)械加工業(yè)、建筑業(yè)和交通業(yè)的發(fā)展而更加突出。噪聲污染嚴(yán)重影響了人們正常的工作、學(xué)習(xí)和休息。噪聲污染投訴事件數(shù)量一直居各類環(huán)境污染訴訟事件的首位,直接影響了社會(huì)安定和社會(huì)正常秩序。隨著社會(huì)進(jìn)步、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和生活水平的不斷提高,人類對(duì)自身的健康和生活環(huán)境也越來越關(guān)注,環(huán)境噪聲控制己成為城市環(huán)境保護(hù)和社會(huì)發(fā)展的重要工作內(nèi)容,國(guó)際上一些大城市己提出“建立一個(gè)清潔和安靜的城市”的目標(biāo)。因此,噪聲污染早已成為科學(xué)工作者相繼研究的重要課題。本論文由四個(gè)主要由部分組成,一是對(duì)噪聲的實(shí)地調(diào)研;二是對(duì)典型的噪聲進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場(chǎng)監(jiān)測(cè)和分析;三是采集典型噪聲類型并對(duì)其進(jìn)行聲學(xué)特性分析;四是以噪聲為刺激源進(jìn)行人體生理實(shí)驗(yàn)。 噪聲調(diào)研的結(jié)果表明接近31.7%的受訪者把噪聲列為第一大污染,噪聲儼然成為影響受訪者生活、工作的首要因素。通過對(duì)兩類典型噪聲生活噪聲和交通噪聲的分析我們發(fā)現(xiàn),這兩類噪聲都是以低頻噪聲為主,生活噪聲的發(fā)生和變化規(guī)律和人們的社會(huì)行為活動(dòng)密切相關(guān),而交通噪聲受中小型車流量的影響最大。在以噪聲為刺激源的生理實(shí)驗(yàn)中,我們發(fā)現(xiàn):持續(xù)噪聲暴露對(duì)男性短時(shí)記憶能力有影響,對(duì)女性無影響。在噪聲暴露15分鐘能促進(jìn)男性短時(shí)記憶能力的提高;持續(xù)的噪聲暴露對(duì)人體感覺神經(jīng)傳導(dǎo)速度和第二潛伏期并無直接影響,但卻引起兩者相互作用的顯著改變;通過煩惱度測(cè)試發(fā)現(xiàn)在相同的噪聲環(huán)境下,男性受試者比女性更容易感到煩惱,且男性對(duì)噪聲環(huán)境的適應(yīng)能力比女性要弱,需要用更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間來適應(yīng),受試者的煩惱度和噪聲暴露時(shí)間呈正相關(guān);實(shí)驗(yàn)受試者的問卷調(diào)查結(jié)果表明噪聲對(duì)其的影響趨勢(shì)和煩惱度、舒適度的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果一致�？陀^的生理實(shí)驗(yàn)和主觀問卷調(diào)查均顯示,離開噪聲環(huán)境恢復(fù)15分鐘,并不能完全消除噪聲刺激對(duì)人體的影響。
[Abstract]:With the development of modern urban construction and traffic, urban environmental noise pollution has become an important environmental problem faced by big cities all over the world. Noise pollution is more prominent with the development of mechanical processing industry, construction industry and transportation industry. Noise pollution seriously affects people's normal work, study and rest. The number of noise pollution complaints has always been the first of all kinds of environmental pollution litigation events, which directly affects social stability and social normal order. With the social progress, economic development and the continuous improvement of living standards, human beings pay more and more attention to their own health and living environment. Environmental noise control has become an important part of urban environmental protection and social development. Some big cities in the world have put forward the goal of "building a clean and quiet city." Therefore, noise pollution has long become an important topic for scientists to study one after another. This paper consists of four main parts, one is the field investigation of noise, the other is the field monitoring and analysis of typical noise, the third is to collect the typical noise type and analyze its acoustic characteristics. Fourth, the physiological experiment of human body is carried out with noise as the source of stimulation. The results of noise survey show that nearly 31.7% of the interviewees listed noise as the largest pollution, and noise has become the primary factor affecting the life and work of the interviewees. Through the analysis of two kinds of typical noise, life noise and traffic noise, we find that these two kinds of noise are mainly low frequency noise, and the occurrence and change of life noise are closely related to people's social behavior activities. Traffic noise is the most affected by the flow of small and medium-sized vehicles. In the physiological experiment with noise as the source of stimulation, we found that persistent noise exposure had an effect on the short-term memory ability of men, but had no effect on women. Continuous noise exposure had no direct effect on sensory nerve conduction velocity and the second latent period of human body, but caused significant changes in the interaction between the two, but the continuous noise exposure could promote the improvement of male short-term memory ability after 15 minutes of noise exposure, but the continuous noise exposure had no direct effect on the sensory nerve conduction velocity and the second latent period of human sensory nerve. Through the annoyance test, it was found that in the same noise environment, the male subjects were more likely to feel annoyed than the female, and the male adaptability to the noisy environment was weaker than that of the female, so it took longer to adapt. There was a positive correlation between annoyance and noise exposure time. The results of questionnaire survey showed that the influence trend, annoyance and comfort of noise on it were consistent. Objective physiological experiments and subjective questionnaires showed that 15 minutes away from noise environment could not completely eliminate the effect of noise stimulation on human body.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2006
【分類號(hào)】：R395

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 蘇俊溪;中新天津生態(tài)城交通噪聲控制規(guī)劃研究[D];天津大學(xué);2012年

2 明雷;綠化帶對(duì)臨街建筑聲環(huán)境影響的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究[D];重慶大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號(hào)：2484467