【摘要】：SARS-CoV是一種新型的單鏈RNA人畜共患病病毒,該病毒主要通過(guò)近距離氣溶膠和親密接觸傳播,在家庭和醫(yī)院有顯著的聚集現(xiàn)象�？諝鈧鞑ジ腥臼芏喾N因素制約,其中最重要的是SARS-CoV在氣溶膠狀態(tài)下的存活力,以及環(huán)境的溫度、濕度、紫外線和空氣中各種化學(xué)污染物質(zhì)。 本研究旨在通過(guò)對(duì)SARS病人定點(diǎn)收治醫(yī)院(小湯山醫(yī)院、309醫(yī)院)室內(nèi)空氣SARS-CoV污染的研究,為更好地控制SARS-CoV的空氣傳播感染提供實(shí)驗(yàn)依據(jù)。實(shí)驗(yàn)采用FA-Ⅱ型空氣微生物采樣器在醫(yī)院病房區(qū)、病房陽(yáng)臺(tái)、內(nèi)走廊、排風(fēng)扇和護(hù)士站五個(gè)地點(diǎn)持續(xù)采樣,之后進(jìn)行空氣樣本的洗脫、Veto-E6細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)、RT-PCR及序列測(cè)定。其結(jié)果病房區(qū)、病房陽(yáng)臺(tái)、內(nèi)走廊、排風(fēng)扇和清潔區(qū)五個(gè)地點(diǎn)均有SARS-CoV RNA的檢出,其中以小湯山醫(yī)院排氣口下風(fēng)向的陽(yáng)性率最高(58.3%),護(hù)士站相對(duì)較低(25.0%);從309醫(yī)院一名確診為SARS病人病房?jī)?nèi)的空氣樣本中分離出一株活性SARS-CoV(稱(chēng)之為L(zhǎng)K309株),并穩(wěn)定傳代;與恢復(fù)期SARS病人血清免疫熒光染色陽(yáng)性,RT-PCR擴(kuò)增產(chǎn)物的測(cè)序結(jié)果顯示LK309株與已知SARS-CoY的同源性在98%以上。相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)表明SARS病人定點(diǎn)收治醫(yī)院空氣中SARS-CoV的污染比較嚴(yán)重,急性后期的病人仍然從呼吸道大量排毒;但在病房室內(nèi)外的空氣中幾乎沒(méi)有檢測(cè)到活的SARS-CoV,初步評(píng)估認(rèn)為,SARS病人病房采取通風(fēng)和消毒的措施對(duì)降低室內(nèi)污染程度是非常有益的;而空氣消毒和環(huán)境因素對(duì)SARS病毒的存活有較大的影響,故SARS病人病房排出的空氣對(duì)周邊環(huán)境造成的危害很小。 針對(duì)SARS-CoY空氣分離株LK309,根據(jù)引物步移法的原則,通過(guò)覆蓋全基因
[Abstract]:SARS-CoV is a new type of single-stranded RNA zoonosis virus, which is transmitted mainly through close aerosol and close contact. It has obvious aggregation in family and hospital. Air-borne infections are restricted by a variety of factors, the most important of which is the existence of SARS-CoV in the aerosol state, as well as environmental temperature, humidity, ultraviolet light and various chemical pollutants in the air. The purpose of this study was to provide experimental basis for better control of airborne infection of SARS through the study of indoor air SARS-CoV pollution in hospitals (Xiaotangshan Hospital, 309th Hospital) treated by SARS-CoV patients. FA- 鈪，

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