《教授的房子》的生態(tài)主義解讀
發(fā)布時間：2018-12-07 18:54
【摘要】：薇拉·凱瑟是20世紀美國頗具影響力的作家。其前期作品大多描述中西部邊疆生活,歌頌拓荒者精神；后期作品轉向宗教和歷史題材,探索真正的身心和諧與人生歸宿�！督淌诘姆孔印肥莿P瑟轉型時期的代表作品之一。小說從審美的角度展現(xiàn)了男主人公圣彼得教授在物欲橫流的現(xiàn)實社會中對完整自我的無望探索與追求。通過勾勒藍方山的自然美以及古印第安人在自然里詩意棲居的審美圖式,凱瑟表達了回歸自然與心靈,重建精神家園的愿望。本文把該作品置于生態(tài)批評的理論框架中,主要運用自然生態(tài)、社會生態(tài)、精神生態(tài)的相關理論,探討作品蘊涵的生態(tài)哲思及凱瑟的生態(tài)智慧。生態(tài)批評在環(huán)境問題日益嚴峻的背景下應運而生,并成為文學流派中的顯學。它旨在通過文學批評來重新審視文化,進行文化批評與反思,解構人類中心主義,喚醒人類的生態(tài)保護意識。生態(tài)批評倡導人與自然、社會、人的身與心和諧相處,實現(xiàn)人類物質追求與精神追求的平衡發(fā)展。論文首先簡要介紹凱瑟及其主要作品、凱瑟研究現(xiàn)狀,尤其是《教授的房子》的國內外研究文獻、論文的寫作目的及結構。接著著重介紹論文的理論基礎：生態(tài)批評概述,包括生態(tài)批評的定義、起源與發(fā)展、理論來源與內涵以及采用的研究方法。這為下文從自然生態(tài),社會生態(tài),精神生態(tài)三方面詳細解讀做好了鋪墊。第三章從自然生態(tài)批評角度出發(fā),探討了教授對和諧自然生態(tài)的追求。第一部分展現(xiàn)令圣彼特教授窒息的自然生活環(huán)境,解讀彼得教授破舊的出租屋和馬塞盧斯一家的奧蘭屋所體現(xiàn)的自然生態(tài)內涵；第二部分呈現(xiàn)湯姆在藍方山懸崖城上伊甸園般的生活,解讀了湖邊小屋、大峽谷、石頭城等自然意象的生態(tài)蘊涵,剖析了湯姆與自然合為一體的生態(tài)智慧；第三部分解讀了教授對“詩意棲居”的渴望；本章嘗試總結了自然的內在價值和審美價值,暗示人類應該與自然和諧相處。第四章從社會生態(tài)批評角度,揭露并批判了政府官僚化,大學腐敗行政化等現(xiàn)象,呈現(xiàn)拜金主義價值觀導致人際關系的異化與不和諧,如教授與妻子名存實亡的婚姻,女兒凱瑟琳與羅斯間冷漠的姐妹情,教授與同事間不和諧的社交情。通過教授,凱瑟表達了她對物欲橫流的現(xiàn)實社會、對人類文明及戰(zhàn)爭的否定與批判。第五章從精神生態(tài)批評的角度詳細闡述教授的身份危機,宗教信仰危機以及中年心理危機,指出了精神生態(tài)——人的身心和諧的重要性。論文最后指出凱瑟是一位偉大的生態(tài)作家,她的作品展示了超前的生態(tài)智慧,突出人與自然和諧相處的重要性與必要性,為化解環(huán)境危機指明出路,那就是人與外在世界——人與人,人與自然,及人的自身世界——身與心的和諧。
[Abstract]:Vera Cather is an influential American writer in the 20 th century. Most of his earlier works describe the life of the central and western frontier and eulogize the spirit of pioneers, while his later works turn to religious and historical themes to explore the true harmony of body and mind and the end of life. "Professor's House" is one of the representative works of Cather's transition period. From the aesthetic point of view, the novel shows the protagonist Professor St. Peter's hopeless exploration and pursuit of the complete self in the materialistic society. By outlining the natural beauty of the Blue Fangshan Mountains and the aesthetic patterns of the poetic dwelling of the ancient Indians in nature, Cather expressed her desire to return to nature and the soul and to rebuild the spiritual homeland. This paper puts this work in the theoretical framework of ecological criticism, mainly uses the related theories of natural ecology, social ecology and spiritual ecology, and probes into the ecological philosophy contained in the works and the ecological wisdom of Cather. Ecological criticism emerges as the times require under the background of increasingly serious environmental problems and has become a prominent school of literature. It aims to re-examine culture through literary criticism, carry out cultural criticism and reflection, deconstruct anthropocentrism and awaken human ecological protection consciousness. Ecological criticism advocates harmonious coexistence between man and nature, society, human body and mind, and realizes the balanced development of material pursuit and spiritual pursuit. Firstly, the paper briefly introduces Cather and his main works, the present situation of Cather's research, especially the domestic and foreign research literature of Professor's House, the purpose and structure of the thesis. Then it introduces the theoretical basis of the thesis: an overview of ecological criticism, including the definition, origin and development of ecological criticism, theoretical sources and connotations, and the research methods adopted. This for the following from the natural ecology, social ecology, spiritual ecology three aspects of the detailed interpretation of the foreshadowing. The third chapter discusses the professor's pursuit of harmonious natural ecology from the perspective of natural ecological criticism. The first part presents the natural living environment which makes Professor Saint Peter suffocate, and interprets the natural ecological connotation of Professor Peter's dilapidated rental house and the Marcelus house of Oran. The second part presents Tom's Eden life in Blue Square Mountain Cliff City, explains the ecological implication of natural images such as lake house, Grand Canyon and Stone City, and analyzes the ecological wisdom of Tom and nature. The third part interprets the professor's desire for "poetic dwelling"; this chapter attempts to summarize the intrinsic value and aesthetic value of nature, implying that human beings should live in harmony with nature. Chapter four, from the angle of social ecological criticism, exposes and criticizes the phenomena of government bureaucracy, corruption and administration of universities, and presents the alienation and disharmony of interpersonal relationship caused by the values of money worship, such as the marriage of professor and wife, which exists in name only. Daughter Catherine and Rose between the indifferent sisterhood, professor and colleagues between the social discord. Through the professor, Cather expresses her negation and criticism of the materialistic society, human civilization and war. In the fifth chapter, the status crisis of professor, the crisis of religious belief and the psychological crisis of middle age are expounded in detail from the angle of spiritual ecological criticism, and the importance of spiritual ecology, the harmony of human body and mind, is pointed out. Finally, the paper points out that Cather is a great ecological writer. Her works show advanced ecological wisdom, highlight the importance and necessity of harmony between man and nature, and point out a way out for resolving the environmental crisis. That is the harmony between man and the outside world-man and man, man and nature, and man's own world-body and heart.
【學位授予單位】：福州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：I712.074
本文編號：2367669
[Abstract]:Vera Cather is an influential American writer in the 20 th century. Most of his earlier works describe the life of the central and western frontier and eulogize the spirit of pioneers, while his later works turn to religious and historical themes to explore the true harmony of body and mind and the end of life. "Professor's House" is one of the representative works of Cather's transition period. From the aesthetic point of view, the novel shows the protagonist Professor St. Peter's hopeless exploration and pursuit of the complete self in the materialistic society. By outlining the natural beauty of the Blue Fangshan Mountains and the aesthetic patterns of the poetic dwelling of the ancient Indians in nature, Cather expressed her desire to return to nature and the soul and to rebuild the spiritual homeland. This paper puts this work in the theoretical framework of ecological criticism, mainly uses the related theories of natural ecology, social ecology and spiritual ecology, and probes into the ecological philosophy contained in the works and the ecological wisdom of Cather. Ecological criticism emerges as the times require under the background of increasingly serious environmental problems and has become a prominent school of literature. It aims to re-examine culture through literary criticism, carry out cultural criticism and reflection, deconstruct anthropocentrism and awaken human ecological protection consciousness. Ecological criticism advocates harmonious coexistence between man and nature, society, human body and mind, and realizes the balanced development of material pursuit and spiritual pursuit. Firstly, the paper briefly introduces Cather and his main works, the present situation of Cather's research, especially the domestic and foreign research literature of Professor's House, the purpose and structure of the thesis. Then it introduces the theoretical basis of the thesis: an overview of ecological criticism, including the definition, origin and development of ecological criticism, theoretical sources and connotations, and the research methods adopted. This for the following from the natural ecology, social ecology, spiritual ecology three aspects of the detailed interpretation of the foreshadowing. The third chapter discusses the professor's pursuit of harmonious natural ecology from the perspective of natural ecological criticism. The first part presents the natural living environment which makes Professor Saint Peter suffocate, and interprets the natural ecological connotation of Professor Peter's dilapidated rental house and the Marcelus house of Oran. The second part presents Tom's Eden life in Blue Square Mountain Cliff City, explains the ecological implication of natural images such as lake house, Grand Canyon and Stone City, and analyzes the ecological wisdom of Tom and nature. The third part interprets the professor's desire for "poetic dwelling"; this chapter attempts to summarize the intrinsic value and aesthetic value of nature, implying that human beings should live in harmony with nature. Chapter four, from the angle of social ecological criticism, exposes and criticizes the phenomena of government bureaucracy, corruption and administration of universities, and presents the alienation and disharmony of interpersonal relationship caused by the values of money worship, such as the marriage of professor and wife, which exists in name only. Daughter Catherine and Rose between the indifferent sisterhood, professor and colleagues between the social discord. Through the professor, Cather expresses her negation and criticism of the materialistic society, human civilization and war. In the fifth chapter, the status crisis of professor, the crisis of religious belief and the psychological crisis of middle age are expounded in detail from the angle of spiritual ecological criticism, and the importance of spiritual ecology, the harmony of human body and mind, is pointed out. Finally, the paper points out that Cather is a great ecological writer. Her works show advanced ecological wisdom, highlight the importance and necessity of harmony between man and nature, and point out a way out for resolving the environmental crisis. That is the harmony between man and the outside world-man and man, man and nature, and man's own world-body and heart.
【學位授予單位】：福州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：I712.074
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