本文選題：瘦素　切入點(diǎn)：單核巨噬細(xì)胞　出處：《南方醫(yī)科大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：瘦素是一種由167個(gè)氨基酸組成的激素樣細(xì)胞因子,主要由脂肪細(xì)胞分泌。人編碼瘦素的肥胖基因定位于人類第7號(hào)染色體,而鼠的編碼基因則位于第6號(hào)染色體。人們對(duì)瘦素最初的研究表明,瘦素主要是通過(guò)作用于下丘腦的神經(jīng)核團(tuán),調(diào)節(jié)食物攝取與能量消耗之間的平衡。隨著研究的不斷深入,人們發(fā)現(xiàn),瘦素受體不僅表達(dá)于神經(jīng)系統(tǒng),也表達(dá)于許多外周組織,如肝、肺、睪丸。因此,近年來(lái),瘦素對(duì)免疫應(yīng)答和自身免疫性疾病的影響受到越來(lái)越多的關(guān)注。 人類的單核巨噬細(xì)胞是一類非常重要的免疫細(xì)胞,無(wú)論在獲得性免疫的初始階段還是在天然免疫中都發(fā)揮著舉足輕重的功能。在天然免疫中,單核巨噬細(xì)胞可以依靠表面的模式識(shí)別受體迅速識(shí)別入侵的病原體,并由此觸發(fā)后續(xù)的炎癥反應(yīng)和殺菌效應(yīng)。它還能依靠表面的甘露糖受體(MR)、Fc受體和C3b受體等介導(dǎo)對(duì)病原體的吞噬,同時(shí)可以分泌趨化因子募集炎癥細(xì)胞,控制感染。在獲得性免疫的初始階段,單核巨噬細(xì)胞作為重要的抗原遞呈細(xì)胞可以遞呈抗原給淋巴細(xì)胞,從而促使淋巴細(xì)胞激活或分化。 我們首先以人THP-1細(xì)胞作為研究對(duì)象,加入PMA誘導(dǎo)其分化成巨噬細(xì)胞,并在此基礎(chǔ)上評(píng)價(jià)了瘦素對(duì)其吞噬功能、增殖活性、殺菌效應(yīng)、趨化能力以及共刺激分子表達(dá)的影響,同時(shí)對(duì)造成這些變化的可能機(jī)制做了初步的探討。殺菌效應(yīng)是單核巨噬細(xì)胞的一個(gè)重要功能,我們利用金黃色葡萄球菌為對(duì)象研究了不同劑量瘦素處理的THP-1及其來(lái)源的巨噬細(xì)胞對(duì)它們的殺傷作用。結(jié)果表明,足夠濃度的瘦素能明顯增強(qiáng)THP-1及其來(lái)源的巨噬細(xì)胞對(duì)細(xì)菌的殺傷作用,但1ng/ml的瘦素?zé)o此作用。這種殺菌作用的誘導(dǎo)可能有賴于腫瘤壞死因子(TNF-α)和活性氧(ROS)的產(chǎn)生增加而與一氧化氮(NO)的生成之間關(guān)系不明顯。 對(duì)吞噬功能的評(píng)價(jià),我們采用了流式細(xì)胞術(shù)。我們用熒光素FITC對(duì)白色念珠菌進(jìn)行了標(biāo)記,然后用流式細(xì)胞術(shù)評(píng)價(jià)了瘦素處理對(duì)THP-1及其來(lái)源的巨噬細(xì)胞對(duì)細(xì)菌的吞噬作用。結(jié)果顯示,足夠濃度的瘦素能明顯增強(qiáng)THP-1及其來(lái)源的巨噬細(xì)胞對(duì)白色念珠菌的吞噬能力。雖然MR是與吞噬作用密切相關(guān)的受體,但我們發(fā)現(xiàn)瘦素的這種作用并不是通過(guò)上調(diào)MR表達(dá)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。此外我們還發(fā)現(xiàn),瘦素可以刺激THP-1及其來(lái)源的巨噬細(xì)胞的增殖。 趨化功能是單核巨噬細(xì)胞的另外一種重要功能,我們用Boyden小室測(cè)定了瘦素對(duì)THP-1及其來(lái)源的巨噬細(xì)胞的趨化功能的影響。結(jié)果表明,足夠濃度的瘦素顯著增強(qiáng)了對(duì)HL-60粒細(xì)胞系和自身的趨化作用,這種作用可能和IL-8以及MCP-1分泌的增強(qiáng)有關(guān)。 我們還對(duì)THP-1及其來(lái)源的巨噬細(xì)胞和人外周血單核細(xì)胞表面的共刺激分子的表達(dá)進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià)。結(jié)果顯示,瘦素可以上調(diào)這些細(xì)胞表面共刺激分子的表達(dá),但結(jié)果同時(shí)也發(fā)現(xiàn),對(duì)于不同類型的細(xì)胞,瘦素所需的有效刺激濃度存在差異。 第一章瘦素對(duì)THP-1細(xì)胞及其來(lái)源的巨噬細(xì)胞殺菌活性的影響及其機(jī)制的研究 單核巨噬細(xì)胞有很強(qiáng)的殺傷能力,可非特異性殺傷多種病原微生物,是機(jī)體非特異性免疫防御中的重要細(xì)胞。單核巨噬細(xì)胞的這種殺傷作用可被補(bǔ)體的免疫黏附作用、特異性免疫中抗體的調(diào)理作用及細(xì)胞因子加強(qiáng)。單核巨噬細(xì)胞也能利用此功能清除體內(nèi)衰老損傷細(xì)胞,參與免疫自穩(wěn)作用。 我們首先參照相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)用PMA對(duì)人THP-1細(xì)胞進(jìn)行了誘導(dǎo)使其成功分化成巨噬細(xì)胞樣細(xì)胞。結(jié)果表明,PMA誘導(dǎo)24h后可見細(xì)胞表面伸出偽足,細(xì)胞體積增大,胞漿內(nèi)出現(xiàn)空泡,說(shuō)明細(xì)胞向巨噬細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)化。我們利用金黃色葡萄球菌為對(duì)象研究了不同劑量瘦素處理的THP-1及其來(lái)源的巨噬細(xì)胞對(duì)它們的殺傷作用。結(jié)果表明,10ng/ml以上組瘦素能明顯增強(qiáng)THP-1及其來(lái)源的巨噬細(xì)胞對(duì)細(xì)菌的殺傷作用(F=73.79,P=0.000；F=25.01,P=0.000),但1ng/ml的瘦素?zé)o此作用。由于單核巨噬細(xì)胞激活后主要通過(guò)活性氧簇(ROS)、NO的生成來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)其對(duì)細(xì)菌的殺傷。因此,我們分別測(cè)定了瘦素處理后,單核巨噬細(xì)胞分泌這些生物活性分子的能力。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),10、50、100ng/ml的瘦素均可以顯著刺激ROS的產(chǎn)生(F=168.95,P=0.000；F=113.00,P=0.000),其量可以達(dá)到對(duì)照的數(shù)倍甚至數(shù)十倍。然而,各個(gè)劑量組卻對(duì)NO的生成無(wú)明顯的刺激作用(F=1.179,P=0.377;F=1.978,P=0.174)。而且1ng/ml組對(duì)這幾種活性物質(zhì)均無(wú)誘導(dǎo)作用。TNF-α是單核巨噬細(xì)胞分泌的促炎癥因子,在感染的控制中也具有重要作用。我們通過(guò)ELISA的方法測(cè)定了瘦素處理的THP-1細(xì)胞及其來(lái)源的巨噬細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生這種細(xì)胞因子的能力。結(jié)果顯示,lOng/ml以上組瘦素可以刺激細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生TNF-α(F=502.48,P=0.000;F=2979.01,P=0.000)。這些結(jié)果提示,足夠濃度的瘦素可以顯著刺激THP-1細(xì)胞及其來(lái)源的巨噬細(xì)胞殺菌活性物質(zhì)的分泌并顯著增強(qiáng)其殺菌活性。 本部分實(shí)驗(yàn)主要評(píng)價(jià)了瘦素對(duì)THP-1細(xì)胞及其來(lái)源的巨噬細(xì)胞的殺菌功能的影響。實(shí)驗(yàn)中首先通過(guò)殺菌試驗(yàn)和平板計(jì)數(shù)的方法檢測(cè)了瘦素誘導(dǎo)的殺菌效應(yīng)。瘦素誘導(dǎo)了TNF-α和ROS的產(chǎn)生,但對(duì)NO的合成影響不顯著,這在一定程度上說(shuō)明了瘦素誘導(dǎo)的殺菌機(jī)制。 第二章瘦素對(duì)THP-1細(xì)胞及其來(lái)源的巨噬細(xì)胞吞噬功能的影響及其機(jī)制的研究 吞噬功能是單核巨噬細(xì)胞的一個(gè)重要功能,我們希望通過(guò)本部分實(shí)驗(yàn)評(píng)價(jià)瘦素對(duì)這種功能的作用。我們利用流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測(cè)了瘦素刺激對(duì)THP-1細(xì)胞及其來(lái)源的巨噬細(xì)胞吞噬功能的影響。流式結(jié)果表明,THP-1細(xì)胞及其來(lái)源的巨噬細(xì)胞經(jīng)過(guò)10ng/ml以上濃度的瘦素處理后,其對(duì)白色念珠菌的吞噬活性可以達(dá)到30%以上,說(shuō)明其吞噬功能有所增強(qiáng)。50ng/ml以上組的瘦素處理后的THP-1細(xì)胞增殖活性顯著增高(F=64.39,P=0.000)。但和其他實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果不同,10ng/ml以下組增殖不明顯。對(duì)于THP-1來(lái)源的巨噬細(xì)胞也有類似作用(F=93.95,P=0.000)。MR是單核巨噬細(xì)胞表面的一種受體,與其吞噬功能密切相關(guān)。不同劑量的瘦素刺激THP-1細(xì)胞及其來(lái)源的巨噬細(xì)胞后,我們用real-time PCR的方法檢測(cè)了MR的表達(dá)。結(jié)果顯示,不同劑量瘦素處理后,MR表達(dá)無(wú)顯著改變(F=0.343,P=0.843；F=0.644,P=0.644)。 本部分實(shí)驗(yàn)主要評(píng)價(jià)了瘦素對(duì)THP-1細(xì)胞及其來(lái)源的巨噬細(xì)胞的增殖和吞噬功能的影響。結(jié)果顯示足夠劑量的瘦素可以誘導(dǎo)THP-1細(xì)胞及其來(lái)源的巨噬細(xì)胞的增殖,并增強(qiáng)其吞噬功能。但這種作用并不依賴MR的表達(dá)變化,這說(shuō)明瘦素誘導(dǎo)的吞噬功能的變化可能依賴其他受體的作用。 第三章瘦素對(duì)THP-1細(xì)胞及其來(lái)源的巨噬細(xì)胞趨化功能的影響及其機(jī)制的研究 趨化功能在控制炎癥感染中具有重要意義。單核巨噬細(xì)胞可以依靠這種功能募集炎癥細(xì)胞向炎癥感染的部位聚集,從而有效控制感染。我們希望通過(guò)本部分實(shí)驗(yàn)觀察瘦素對(duì)單核巨噬細(xì)胞趨化能力的影響。我們采用了兩種細(xì)胞系一—-THP-1和HL-60來(lái)分別代表單核細(xì)胞和粒細(xì)胞。我們的研究結(jié)果表明,和未刺激對(duì)照相比,lOng/ml以上組瘦素可以將THP-1細(xì)胞及其來(lái)源的巨噬細(xì)胞的趨化指數(shù)提高數(shù)倍(F=72.59,P=0.000；F=220.78,P=0.000),說(shuō)明其趨化功能顯著增強(qiáng)。IL-8和MCP-1是單核巨噬細(xì)胞分泌的兩種主要的趨化因子,ELISA結(jié)果顯示,瘦素刺激的細(xì)胞能夠分泌更多的IL-8和MCP-1。 本部分實(shí)驗(yàn)主要評(píng)價(jià)了瘦素對(duì)THP-1細(xì)胞及其來(lái)源的巨噬細(xì)胞的趨化功能的影響。結(jié)果顯示瘦素可以增強(qiáng)THP-1細(xì)胞及其來(lái)源的巨噬細(xì)胞的趨化功能,這種作用可能是通過(guò)誘導(dǎo)IL-8和MCP-1的產(chǎn)生來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的,這在一定程度上說(shuō)明了瘦素誘導(dǎo)的趨化機(jī)制。 第四章瘦素對(duì)人單核巨噬細(xì)胞共刺激分子表達(dá)的影響 單核巨噬細(xì)胞是最重要的一類抗原呈遞細(xì)胞。外來(lái)抗原經(jīng)單核吞噬細(xì)胞處理后呈遞給T細(xì)胞,這是誘發(fā)免疫應(yīng)答的先決條件。此外,在抗原呈遞過(guò)程中單核巨噬細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生的IL-1也是TH活化不可缺少的刺激信號(hào)。這種抗原呈遞功能與其表面共刺激分子表達(dá)的強(qiáng)弱密切相關(guān)。因此我們通過(guò)流式細(xì)胞術(shù)對(duì)它們表面的CD86、HLA-DR分子進(jìn)行了檢測(cè)。我們發(fā)現(xiàn),和未刺激對(duì)照相比,lOng/ml以上組的瘦素可以明顯上調(diào)及THP-1細(xì)胞表面這些共刺激分子的表達(dá)(F=449.32,P=0.000；F=436.55 P=0.000)。而對(duì)于人外周血單核細(xì)胞而言,這種有效濃度則需要達(dá)到100ng/ml。這說(shuō)明對(duì)于不同的細(xì)胞類型,瘦素的作用強(qiáng)度存在著差異。 本部分實(shí)驗(yàn)主要評(píng)價(jià)了瘦素對(duì)人單核巨噬細(xì)胞共刺激分子表達(dá)的影響。通過(guò)流式檢測(cè),我們發(fā)現(xiàn),瘦素可以明顯上調(diào)CD86和HLA-DR的表達(dá)。這提示瘦素可能具有增強(qiáng)單核巨噬細(xì)胞抗原呈遞的能力。
[Abstract]:Leptin is a hormone - like cytokine composed of 167 amino acids , mainly secreted by fat cells . Human - coded leptin is located on chromosome 7 , while the mouse ' s coding gene is located on chromosome 6 . As the study progresses , leptin receptors are found not only in the nervous system , but also in many peripheral tissues , such as liver , lung , and testis . Therefore , leptin has been more and more concerned with immune responses and autoimmune diseases in recent years .

Human mononuclear phagocytes are very important immune cells , play an important role in the initial stage of acquired immunity or in innate immunity . In natural immunity , mononuclear phagocytes can quickly identify invading pathogens by means of pattern recognition receptors on the surface , and trigger subsequent inflammatory responses and bactericidal effects . It can also secrete chemokine to recruit inflammatory cells and control infection . In the initial stage of acquired immunity , mononuclear phagocytes can be presented to lymphocytes as important antigen presenting cells , thus promoting the activation or differentiation of lymphocytes .

The effects of leptin on the phagocytic function , proliferation activity , bactericidal effect , chemoattractant ability and co - stimulatory molecule expression of THP - 1 and its origin were evaluated . The results showed that leptin could significantly enhance the killing effect of THP - 1 and its derived macrophages on bacteria by using Staphylococcus aureus as the subject .

Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the phagocytic function of THP - 1 and its origin . The results showed that leptin could significantly enhance the phagocytosis of THP - 1 and its derived macrophages against Candida albicans . The results showed that leptin could significantly enhance the phagocytosis of THP - 1 and its derived macrophages against Candida albicans .

Chemotaxis function is another important function of mononuclear phagocytes . We measured the effects of leptin on THP - 1 and its origin by Boyden chamber . The results showed that leptin significantly enhanced the effect of leptin on HL - 60 granulocyte and its own , which could be related to the enhancement of IL - 8 and MCP - 1 secretion .

We also evaluated the expression of co - stimulatory molecules on the surface of macrophages and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from THP - 1 and its origin . The results showed that leptin could up - regulate the expression of co - stimulatory molecules on these cell surfaces , but also found that there was a difference in the effective stimulation concentrations required for leptin for different types of cells .

The effect and mechanism of leptin on the bactericidal activity of THP - 1 cell and its origin

Monocyte macrophages have a strong killing ability , and can kill various pathogenic microorganisms in a non - specific manner , which is an important cell in nonspecific immune defense of the organism . The killing effect of mononuclear phagocytes can be enhanced by the immune adherence of the complement , the regulating action of the antibody in specific immunity and the enhancement of the cytokines .

The effects of THP - 1 and their origin on the killing of THP - 1 and their derived macrophages were studied by PMA . The results showed that leptin could significantly enhance the killing effect of THP - 1 and its derived macrophages on bacteria ( F = 73.79 , P = 0.000 ) .
The results showed that 10 , 50 , 100 ng / ml leptin could significantly stimulate the production of ROS ( F = 168.95 , P = 0.000 ) .
There was no significant irritation to NO production ( F = 1.179 , P = 0.377 , F = 1.978 , P = 0.174 ) . TNF - 偽 is the pro - inflammatory factor secreted by mononuclear phagocytes and plays an important role in the control of infection . The results showed that leptin in leptin treated by leptin could stimulate the production of TNF - 偽 ( F = 502.48 , P = 0.000 ; F = 2979.01 , P = 0.000 ) . These results suggest that leptin with a sufficient concentration can significantly stimulate the secretion of THP - 1 cells and their derived macrophages bactericidal active substances and significantly enhance their bactericidal activity .

In this experiment , the effects of leptin on the bactericidal function of THP - 1 cells and their origin were evaluated . The bactericidal effect of leptin on THP - 1 cells and their origin was first determined by bactericidal test and plate counting . Leptin induced TNF - 偽 and ROS production , but the effect of leptin on NO synthesis was not significant , which indicated a certain extent the mechanism of leptin - induced bactericidal action .

Study on the Effect of the second chapter on the phagocytic function of THP - 1 cell and its origin and its mechanism

The phagocytic function of THP - 1 cells and their origin was evaluated by flow cytometry . The results showed that the phagocytic activity of THP - 1 cells and their origin was 30 % or more , and the proliferation activity of THP - 1 cells increased significantly ( F = 64.39 , P = 0.000 ) . However , unlike other experimental results , the proliferation of the following groups was not significant at 10 ng / ml . Similar effects were observed for macrophages from THP - 1 sources ( F = 93.95 , P = 0.000 ) . MR was one of the receptors on the surface of mononuclear phagocytes and was closely related to its phagocytic function . After stimulation of THP - 1 cells with different doses of leptin and macrophages from their origin , the expression of MR was detected by real - time PCR . The results showed that MR expression did not change significantly after leptin treatment ( F = 0.343 , P = 0.843 ;
F=0.644,P=0.644).


The results showed that leptin could induce the proliferation of THP - 1 cells and their derived macrophages and enhance their phagocytic function . However , this effect did not depend on the expression of leptin , suggesting that leptin - induced changes in the phagocytic function might depend on the role of other receptors .

Study on the Effect and Mechanism of Leptin on the Chemotactic Function of THP - 1 Cells and Their Origin ;

We hope to observe the effect of leptin on the chemoattractant capacity of mononuclear phagocytes by means of this experiment . We hope to observe the effect of leptin on the chemoattractant capacity of mononuclear phagocytes by means of this experiment . We have used two cell lines one - THP - 1 and HL - 60 to respectively represent monocytes and leukocytes . Our results show that the leptin in the above group can increase the chemoattractant index of macrophages from THP - 1 cells and their origin by multiple times ( F = 72.59 , P = 0.000 ) .
The results showed that leptin - stimulated cells could secrete more IL - 8 and MCP - 1 .

In this part , the effects of leptin on THP - 1 cells and their derived macrophages were evaluated . The results showed that leptin could enhance the chemoattractant function of THP - 1 cells and their derived macrophages , which could be achieved by inducing the production of IL - 8 and MCP - 1 .

Effects of leptin on the expression of costimulatory molecules in human mononuclear phagocytes

In addition , IL - 1 produced by mononuclear phagocytes in the process of antigen presentation is a prerequisite for TH activation . In addition , IL - 1 produced by mononuclear phagocytes in the process of antigen presentation is a prerequisite for TH activation .
F=436.55 P=0.000). For human peripheral blood mononuclear cells , this effective concentration needs to reach 100 ng / ml . This suggests that there is a difference in the intensity of action of leptin for different cell types .

In this part , the effects of leptin on the expression of costimulatory molecules of human mononuclear phagocytes were evaluated . By means of flow cytometry , we found that leptin could significantly increase the expression of HLA - DR . This suggests that leptin may have the ability to enhance the antigen presentation of monocytes .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南方醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：R363

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