發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-29 05:29

  本文選題：高熱濕環(huán)境　切入點(diǎn)：生理反應(yīng)　出處：《天津大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：高熱濕環(huán)境廣泛存在于自然、工業(yè)和軍事等特殊環(huán)境中，其中的勞動(dòng)作業(yè)人員因環(huán)境熱應(yīng)力產(chǎn)生一系列的生理應(yīng)激反應(yīng)，過(guò)度反應(yīng)會(huì)對(duì)人體的健康產(chǎn)生潛在的威脅甚至造成不可恢復(fù)的損害。為此，學(xué)者們一直致力于熱暴露過(guò)程中人體的生理反應(yīng)的影響研究，包括環(huán)境、負(fù)荷強(qiáng)度、體質(zhì)情況、體型參數(shù)等對(duì)人體生理反應(yīng)的影響作用研究。本文通過(guò)開(kāi)展人體熱暴露實(shí)驗(yàn)研究，針對(duì)體質(zhì)情況、體型參數(shù)對(duì)人體生理反應(yīng)的影響作用進(jìn)行探索性研究。 通過(guò)高溫高濕環(huán)境艙分別模擬舒適，濕熱和干熱環(huán)境工況。選擇20名身體健康的大學(xué)生志愿者作為實(shí)驗(yàn)樣本，在三種環(huán)境工況中分別從事低強(qiáng)度和高強(qiáng)度的勞動(dòng)，強(qiáng)度水平設(shè)定為相同的最大耗氧量（VO2max，Maximal Oxygen Uptake）相對(duì)水平，分別為25%VO2max和45%VO2max。實(shí)測(cè)受試樣本在熱暴露過(guò)程中的口腔溫度（Tor，Oral Temperature）、皮膚溫度（Tsk，Skin Temperature）、心率（HR，Heart Rate）和出汗量（SL，Sweat Loss），記錄人體達(dá)到熱耐受極限的時(shí)長(zhǎng)。 分析在不同環(huán)境和勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度下，體型參數(shù)、體質(zhì)情況對(duì)人體生理指標(biāo)的影響作用。確定體型參數(shù)中，體重（Wb，body weight）、體表面積（BSA，Body SurfaceArea）、體脂率（Fat%，Percentage of Body Fat）等參數(shù)與人體口腔溫度變化量（△Tco，Increased Oral Temperature）、皮膚溫度變化量（△Tsk，Increased Skin Temperature）、心率變化量（△HR，Increased Heart Rate）、SL有不同程度的相關(guān)性。分析性別因素對(duì)人體生理反應(yīng)的影響，結(jié)果顯示男性和女性樣本的生理反應(yīng)存在顯著差異，，同時(shí)，男性樣本中對(duì)生理反應(yīng)有顯著作用的個(gè)體參數(shù)有別于女性樣本。 分析在不同環(huán)境和勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度下，性別因素、體型參數(shù)、體質(zhì)情況對(duì)人體熱耐受時(shí)長(zhǎng)的影響作用。確定在干熱和濕熱環(huán)境中，人體VO2max對(duì)人體熱耐受時(shí)長(zhǎng)有影響作用；并確定在不同環(huán)境工況中，人體的熱耐受時(shí)長(zhǎng)存在性別差異。 在理論研究的基礎(chǔ)上，提出一種基于人體體型、體質(zhì)參數(shù)的指標(biāo)個(gè)體參數(shù)指標(biāo)（BCI，Body Characteristic Index）評(píng)價(jià)模型，利用實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)該模型進(jìn)行修正和驗(yàn)證。BCI可用于評(píng)價(jià)在群體范圍內(nèi)，人體在熱暴露過(guò)程中生理反應(yīng)的相對(duì)水平，可預(yù)測(cè)人體在熱暴露階段生理指標(biāo)變化量。該指標(biāo)計(jì)算簡(jiǎn)單，無(wú)需測(cè)量熱暴露過(guò)程中人體的生理指標(biāo)，不依賴(lài)于環(huán)境和勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度，因而可廣泛使用。
[Abstract]:High humidity environment exists widely in nature, industrial and military and other special circumstances, operators which produce a series of physiological stress response due to environmental heat stress, excessive reaction to human health will have a potential threat and even cause irreversible damage. Therefore, influence research, scholars have been committed to heat in the process of human exposure to physiological responses including environment, load intensity, physical condition, effect of reaction parameters on the shape of human physiology. This paper carried out experimental study on human thermal exposure, according to the constitution, the reaction effect of shape parameters on human physiological study.
Through the high temperature and high humidity environment simulated cabin comfort, moist and heat conditions. Choose 20 healthy volunteers as the experimental samples, in three environmental conditions respectively in low strength and high labor intensity, the intensity was set to the same maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max Maximal, Oxygen Uptake) relative level, respectively. 25%VO2max and 45%VO2max. were measured in oral temperature during thermal exposure of the samples (Tor, Oral, Temperature) (Tsk Skin Temperature, skin temperature, heart rate (HR), Heart Rate (SL) and the amount of sweat, Sweat Loss), recorded the human body to achieve the heat tolerance limit the length of time.
Analysis of the shape parameter in different environment and labor intensity, physical condition, effects on human physiological indexes. Determine the shape parameters, body weight (Wb, body, weight) (BSA, Body, SurfaceArea surface area, percentage of body fat (Fat%), Percentage of Body Fat) parameters and human oral temperature variation (Tco, Increased Oral Temperature), skin temperature variation (Tsk, Increased Skin Temperature), heart rate variation (HR, Increased Heart, SL Rate) have different degrees of relevance. Gender analysis on Affecting Factors of physical reactions to human health, the results show that there are significant differences and physiological responses of male and female samples at the same time, the individual parameters of male samples have significant effect on the physiological response is different from the female samples.
The analysis in different environment and labor intensity, gender, shape parameters, effects of physical condition on human heat tolerance duration. In dry and damp heat environment, human VO2max has an impact on human body heat tolerance; and determine under different environmental conditions, long sex differences in heat tolerance of human body when.
On the basis of theoretical research, based on the human body, the individual parameters of physical parameter index (BCI, Body Characteristic Index) evaluation model, using the experimental data of the correction and validation of.BCI model can be used to evaluate within groups, in the human body during thermal exposure and physiological reaction relative level, forecast human exposure variation of physiological indexes in the hot stage. The index has the advantages of simple calculation, no need to measure the physiological indexes of human body during thermal exposure, does not depend on the environment and labor intensity, and can be widely used.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：R339.5;X968

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本文編號(hào)：1679778