急性高氧氧應(yīng)激過程中大鼠肺泡上皮細(xì)胞凋亡的損傷機(jī)制探討
本文選題:高濃度氧 切入點(diǎn):肺泡上皮細(xì)胞 出處:《蘇州大學(xué)》2012年博士論文
【摘要】:目的:建立高濃度氧誘導(dǎo)在體大鼠肺泡細(xì)胞凋亡損傷模型,觀察短時(shí)間內(nèi)(4~8小時(shí))吸入高濃度氧肺泡上皮細(xì)胞的損傷;觀察一氧化氮及其合酶對急性吸入高濃度氧導(dǎo)致大鼠肺泡上皮細(xì)胞凋亡的影響;探討線粒體途徑和細(xì)胞酸化在氧化應(yīng)激早期誘導(dǎo)的肺泡上皮細(xì)胞凋亡信號(hào)傳導(dǎo)過程中的作用。 方法:WISTAR大鼠放至于氧濃度為80-100%的氧箱中4、8、12、16小時(shí),空氣對照組放置于氧濃度為21%的氧箱中,實(shí)驗(yàn)分三部分,按實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康牟煌迫颖咀鋈缦聹y試:1.比色法測定血漿、肺組織勻漿中丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷光甘肽(GSH)、過氧化氫酶(CAT)、一氧化氮(NO)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)和總抗氧化能力(T-AOC);HE染色觀察肺組織常規(guī)病理變化,TUNEL染色法檢測肺泡表面凋亡細(xì)胞;2. Western blot檢測肺組織中eNOS和iNOS蛋白表達(dá),RT-PCR檢測eNOSmRNA、iNOSmRNA的表達(dá)。3. RT-PCR檢測bcl-2mRNA、baxmRNA、eNOSmRNA、iNOSmRNA的表達(dá),Western blot檢測bcl-2、bax、 Akt1/磷酸化-Akt1、mTOR/磷酸化-mTOR的蛋白表達(dá);BCECF-AM檢測細(xì)胞漿pH值,流式細(xì)胞儀(Flowcytometry,FCM)檢測細(xì)胞增殖指數(shù)。 結(jié)果:1.與對照組相比(凋亡2.17%),吸入高濃度氧4小時(shí)即出現(xiàn)典型的肺泡表面凋亡細(xì)胞(9.13±3.2%),8~12小時(shí)組凋亡細(xì)胞的數(shù)量明顯增加(17.47±3.5%、19.22±4.5%),16小時(shí)組有減少的趨勢(11.03±2.8%)。HE染色切片顯示4小時(shí)組肺輕度充血,8小時(shí)組肺毛細(xì)血管擴(kuò)張、充血、紅細(xì)胞滲出、輕度肺水腫。16小時(shí)組開始出現(xiàn)以中性粒細(xì)胞為主的炎癥細(xì)胞,肺組織水腫明顯、肺大泡和肺不張,甚至可見肺組織增生、結(jié)構(gòu)紊亂。各組血清、肺組織勻漿MDA、NO、NOS顯著升高(P<0.01),而SOD、GSH、CAT、T-AOC均顯著降低(P<0.01)。2. Westenblot檢測發(fā)現(xiàn),高氧4h組eNOS表達(dá)開始升高,8h、12h組后eNOS蛋白質(zhì)表達(dá)升高明顯,16h組高表達(dá)但略有下降;高氧各組eNOSmRNA表達(dá)顯著增高。對照組iNOS蛋白微量表達(dá),與對照組比較,4h、8h、12h組表達(dá)無顯著差異,表達(dá)量遠(yuǎn)低于eNOS,16h組表達(dá)略增強(qiáng);iNOSmRNA的表達(dá)在16h組表達(dá)也增強(qiáng)。3.RT-PCR檢測發(fā)現(xiàn)吸氧各組bcl-2mRNA表達(dá)明顯降低,baxmRNA表達(dá)顯著增高;Western blot檢測Bax蛋白表達(dá)逐漸增強(qiáng),Bcl-2蛋白、AKT-1/PhosphoAkt-1(Ser473)蛋白、mTOR/Phospho-mTOR蛋白表達(dá)逐漸減弱;高氧氧應(yīng)激后大鼠肺泡上皮細(xì)胞Akt/PKB蛋白磷酸化程度都降低,隨吸氧時(shí)間延長,Akt/mTOR信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)蛋白表達(dá)降低更加明顯;BCECF-AM檢測細(xì)胞漿pH值顯示隨著吸氧時(shí)間的延長,體內(nèi)ROS水平的不斷升高,F(xiàn)L1/FL2比值不斷降低,凋亡的比例也不斷增加。各時(shí)段細(xì)胞酸化均較顯著,各組細(xì)胞增殖改變和細(xì)胞漿酸性變化趨勢相一致。 結(jié)論:1.大鼠活體急性高氧氧應(yīng)激模型實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn),短時(shí)間吸入高濃度氧導(dǎo)致急性氧應(yīng)激時(shí)即可導(dǎo)致肺泡上皮細(xì)胞凋亡顯著增加,且隨著吸氧時(shí)間的延長損傷加重,損傷轉(zhuǎn)為向炎癥表現(xiàn)發(fā)展。2.氧應(yīng)激凋亡早期(4-8h)NO大幅升高由eNOS表達(dá)增強(qiáng)引起的。16h iNOS和iNOSmRNA表達(dá)略增強(qiáng),但并不高,炎性表現(xiàn)不明顯,說明炎性細(xì)胞功能還未被完全激活。3.線粒體膜通透性改變和線粒體通透性轉(zhuǎn)變孔道的開放,BCL-2/BAX減小,AKT/mTOR及其磷酸化表達(dá)均減少,導(dǎo)致PI3/Akt/mTOR信號(hào)途徑轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)異常,說明了高氧氧應(yīng)激早期線粒體途徑應(yīng)是肺泡上皮細(xì)胞凋亡的主要信號(hào)傳導(dǎo)路徑。4.高氧氧應(yīng)激后ROS同時(shí)損傷了溶酶體膜的穩(wěn)定性,,溶酶體內(nèi)活性物質(zhì)的釋放導(dǎo)致線粒體損傷更加嚴(yán)重,促使溶酶體參與的線粒體途徑的細(xì)胞凋亡機(jī)制的發(fā)生。但這種早期損傷還尚未啟動(dòng)其他如自噬等炎性生理反應(yīng),僅凋亡現(xiàn)象表現(xiàn)的非常明顯。5.通過實(shí)驗(yàn)觀察提示氧化應(yīng)激誘導(dǎo)肺泡上皮細(xì)胞凋亡與細(xì)胞漿酸化有關(guān),ROS通過直接損傷了細(xì)胞質(zhì)膜抑制Na+/H+交換使細(xì)胞內(nèi)酸化,或者損傷溶酶體膜,釋放大量H+進(jìn)入細(xì)胞漿,導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞酸化,這有利于細(xì)胞內(nèi)酸性核酸內(nèi)切酶等生物活性物質(zhì)發(fā)揮作用,誘導(dǎo)凋亡。細(xì)胞漿酸化程度與細(xì)胞凋亡發(fā)生率存在某種量效關(guān)系,細(xì)胞酸化既可能是細(xì)胞凋亡的伴隨現(xiàn)象,同時(shí)又可能導(dǎo)致線粒體、溶酶體損傷,加重線粒體-溶酶體途徑引起的細(xì)胞死亡,其機(jī)制有待于進(jìn)一步研究。 本實(shí)驗(yàn)利用大鼠在體活細(xì)胞實(shí)驗(yàn),吸入氧濃度與臨床全麻使用氧濃度相同,時(shí)間相近,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果提示臨床使用純氧存在安全隱患,但這種損傷尚處于早期階段。但隨著吸氧時(shí)間的延長,損傷趨于炎性化,程度會(huì)加重。其損傷機(jī)理還不十分清楚,有待進(jìn)一步研究。
[Abstract]:Objective: to establish a high concentration of oxygen induced apoptosis in rat alveolar injury model, observed in a short period of time (4~8 hours) high concentration oxygen inhalation injury were observed in alveolar epithelial cells; nitric oxide and nitric oxide synthase on acute inhalation of high concentration of oxygen leads to apoptosis of rat alveolar epithelial cells; to investigate the mitochondrial pathway and cell apoptosis in acidizing the signal transduction process of alveolar epithelial cells induced by oxidative stress in the early stage.
Methods: WISTAR rats as the oxygen concentration of oxygen in the 4,8,12,16 box 80 - 100% hours, air control group placed on the oxygen concentration of oxygen tank 21%, the experiment was divided into three parts, the following test according to different experimental purposes: 1. samples for colorimetric determination of plasma and lung homogenate (C two aldehyde MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), nitric oxide (NO), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC); observe the pathological changes of lung tissue HE staining, TUNEL staining method to detect lung surface global cell apoptosis; detection of lung tissue 2. Western blot expression of eNOS and iNOS protein, RT-PCR eNOSmRNA detection, RT-PCR detection of bcl-2mRNA expression of.3., iNOSmRNA baxmRNA, eNOSmRNA iNOSmRNA, Western blot expression, bcl-2 detection, Bax, phosphorylation of Akt1/ -Akt1 expression, mTOR/ phosphorylation of -mTOR protein was detected by BCECF-AM; The pH value of plasma and Flowcytometry (FCM) were used to detect the cell proliferation index.
Results: 1. compared with the control group (2.17% apoptosis), high concentration oxygen inhalation for 4 hours, the cell apoptosis of the alveolar surface (9.13 + 3.2%), the number of apoptotic cells in 8~12 hour group increased significantly (17.47 + 3.5%, 19.22 + 4.5%), 16 hours group decreased (11.03 + 2.8%).HE the 4 hour group lung staining showed mild congestion, 8 hours group of pulmonary capillary dilation, hyperemia, extravasation of red blood cells and mild pulmonary edema.16 hours group began to appear in neutrophils in inflammatory cells, pulmonary edema, pulmonary bulla and atelectasis, disorder or even visible lung tissue, structure. Serum. Lung tissue homogenate MDA, NO, NOS were significantly increased (P < 0.01), while SOD, GSH, CAT, T-AOC were significantly decreased (P < 0.01).2. Westenblot detection, high oxygen group 4h eNOS expression began to increase, 8h, 12h group after the expression of eNOS protein in 16h group increased significantly, but slightly higher expression The high oxygen groups decreased; the expression of eNOSmRNA was significantly increased. The control group iNOS protein expression, compared with the control group, 4h, 8h, 12h group was no significant difference, the expression is much lower than that of eNOS, 16h expression was slightly enhancement; the expression of iNOSmRNA in group 16h also enhanced.3.RT-PCR detected oxygen group bcl-2mRNA decreased obviously. The expression of baxmRNA was significantly increased; to detect the expression of Bax protein Western blot gradually increased, Bcl-2 protein, AKT-1/PhosphoAkt-1 (Ser473) protein, mTOR/Phospho-mTOR protein expression decreased gradually; high oxygen stress in rat alveolar epithelial cells Akt/PKB protein phosphorylation are decreased with the oxygen time prolonged, the expression of Akt/mTOR signal transduction protein significantly decreased; BCECF-AM detection cytoplasm pH value showed that with prolonging the time of oxygen inhalation, the level of serum ROS increased, FL1/FL2 ratio decreased, apoptosis ratio is also increasing The acidification of cells in each period was significant, and the changes of cell proliferation and plasma acidity were the same in each group.
Conclusion: 1. rats in acute hyperoxia induced oxidative stress model experiment, short time inhalation of high concentration of oxygen leads to acute oxidative stress can lead to apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells was significantly increased, and with the time prolonging oxygen damage, damage to the development of inflammation.2. oxygen stress early apoptosis (4-8h) NO significantly increased iNOS induced.16h and iNOSmRNA expression was slightly enhanced by eNOS expression, but not high, inflammatory performance is not obvious, that inflammatory cell function has not been fully activated.3. mitochondrial membrane permeability and mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening, BCL-2/BAX decreased, AKT/mTOR expression and phosphorylation were reduced, resulting in abnormal PI3/Akt/mTOR signal transduction pathway. The high oxygen stress early mitochondrial pathway is the main signal transduction of apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells in high oxygen stress path.4. ROS and damage the fibrinolytic enzyme The stability of membrane and soluble active substance in vivo enzyme release leads to mitochondrial damage is more serious, the apoptosis mechanism to promote the participation of the lysosomal mitochondrial pathway. But the early damage have yet to start other inflammatory reactions such as autophagy physiology, only apoptosis phenomenon is very obvious at the table.5. through the experimental observation that oxidative stress and induction the cytoplasm of alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis of ROS by direct acidification, damage the cell membrane to inhibit Na+/H+ exchange of intracellular acidification, or damage the lysosomal membrane and release large amounts of H+ into cells, leading to cell acidification, which facilitates intracellular acidic endonucleases and other bioactive substances play a role in inducing apoptosis and cell cytoplasm acidification. The occurrence of apoptosis there is a dose-response relationship, intracellular acidification can be associated with apoptosis, also may lead to mitochondrial, The damage of lysosome aggravates the cell death caused by the mitochondrial lysosome pathway, and its mechanism remains to be further studied.
This experiment using living cells of rats in vivo experiment, inhaled oxygen concentration and clinical anesthesia using the same oxygen concentration, similar to the time, the experimental results suggest that the clinical use of pure oxygen, there are security risks, but this damage is still in its early stages. With prolonging the time of oxygen inhalation injury, more inflammatory, will increase the degree of the damage mechanism also. Not very clear, needs further research.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:蘇州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2012
【分類號(hào)】:R363
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