本文關鍵詞：重慶地區(qū)小學生突發(fā)事件心理衛(wèi)生狀況和需求調查　出處：《重慶醫(yī)科大學》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 突發(fā)事件 創(chuàng)傷后應激障礙 心理危機干預 需求 影響因素

【摘要】：目的：了解重慶地區(qū)小學生心理特點，并在此基礎上重點探討突發(fā)事件后心理變化狀況及其影響因素，為創(chuàng)傷后應激障礙的預防和干預提供參考；了解小學生對突發(fā)事件心理危機干預的需求狀況，為制定適合我國國情及兒童心理特點的心理危機干預模式提供理論依據(jù)。 方法：采用自編問卷、社會支持評定量表(SSRS)和艾森克人格問卷(EPQ），對選取的重慶地區(qū)7所小學4～6年級總計1113名小學生進行問卷調查，回收有效問卷1110份。對問卷進行整理、編碼，采用EpiData3.0軟件建立數(shù)據(jù)庫，以SPSS17.0軟件包對數(shù)據(jù)進行描述性分析、t檢驗、方差分析、卡方檢驗、秩和檢驗和多因素回歸等統(tǒng)計分析。此外，對選取的7所小學中的其中6名教師進行了個人深入訪談。 結果：(1)社會支持狀況：男生在支持總分和客觀支持上低于女生；城鎮(zhèn)學生在支持總分、主觀支持、客觀支持和支持利用度上普遍高于農(nóng)村學生；獨生子女的主觀支持低于非獨生子女，但支持利用度高于非獨生子女。(2)人格特征：EPQ各因子與全國常模比較，9～12y組男女生內外向和精神質、9～11y組女生掩飾性及11y～組男女生、9～10y組男生和12y～組女生情緒穩(wěn)定性得分均低于常模，而9y～和11y～組男生、12y～組女生掩飾性得分均高于常模；人格分型顯示，中間型所占比例最高(64.1%),內向穩(wěn)定型次之（17.5%），外向不穩(wěn)定型最低（1.6%），僅居住地與小學生的人格類型有關。(3)創(chuàng)傷后應激障礙：1110名小學生中創(chuàng)傷后應激障礙陽性人數(shù)103人，占9.3％。單因素分析有影響的因素有:受災經(jīng)歷、居住地、獨生、父母對功課過問情況、課外活動、班主任表揚、朋友數(shù)量、內外向、情緒穩(wěn)定性和精神質；Logistic回歸分析顯示，受災經(jīng)歷、居住地和精神質仍是創(chuàng)傷后應激障礙的影響因素。(4)心理危機干預需求：遇到突發(fā)事件時，38.1%的小學生最希望集體接受心理輔導，，66.7%最希望由父母提供心理幫助，且對這兩項的選擇性別、年級、居住地、是否獨生之間差異均沒有統(tǒng)計學意義（P0.05）。(5)心理危機健康教育需求：如果學校開展突發(fā)事件的心理危機健康教育活動，67.8%的小學生表示愿意并主動參加，27.4%表示學校要求就參加，僅有4.8%不愿意參加，且參加意愿存在性別、年級、是否獨生差異（P0.05）。進一步調查發(fā)現(xiàn)，在有參加意愿的1057名小學生中，40.0%最希望該活動每個月開展一次；40.9%最希望班主任是活動的提供者；希望了解的活動內容是如何防范突發(fā)事件(51.7%)和如何緩解心理危機(51.5%)；喜歡的活動形式主要為心理影片(45.0%)和心理游戲(40.8%)。 結論：重慶地區(qū)小學生社會支持水平不高，人格總體上傾向內向、穩(wěn)定；創(chuàng)傷后應激障礙在小學生中較為普遍發(fā)生，且與人格等多種因素有關；學校應根據(jù)他們的心理需求特點，有計劃、有組織的開展針對性的心理危機干預服務。
[Abstract]:Objective: to understand the psychological characteristics of primary school students in Chongqing area, focusing on the changes of mental status and its influencing factors after the incident and on this foundation, to provide reference for the prevention and intervention of posttraumatic stress disorder; understand the needs of pupils in the emergency psychological crisis intervention, provide a theoretical basis for the development of psychological crisis intervention mode suitable for national conditions and psychological characteristics of children in our country.
Methods: a self-designed questionnaire, social support rating scale (SSRS) and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), the 7 selected primary school in Chongqing area from 4 to 6 grade a total of 1113 students conducted a questionnaire survey, 1110 valid questionnaires. The questionnaires were collected, encoding, using EpiData3.0 software to establish a database, using SPSS17.0 software the package of data descriptive analysis, t test, variance analysis, chi square test, Kruskal Wallis analysis and multi factor regression. In addition, the 7 primary school in the selected 6 of the teachers of the individual in-depth interviews.
Results: (1) the status of social support: boys in support score and objective support than that of girls; urban students in support score, subjective support, objective support and utilization degree is generally higher than that of rural students; subjective support only children than non single child, but support the use of degree higher than the non only child (2). Personality characteristics: comparison of EPQ factors and the national norm, the 9 ~ 12Y group of male and female students in extraversion and psychoticism, 9 ~ 11y and ~ 11y groups of girls hide groups of male and female students, 9 ~ 10Y group and 12Y group of boys to girls emotional stability scores were lower than the norm, and 9y ~ and 11y ~ group of boys 12Y, to cover up groups of girls scored higher than the norm; personality type, middle type accounted for the highest proportion (64.1%), within the stable times (17.5%), extrovert instability (1.6%), only the minimum residence and pupils' personality types. (3) of posttraumatic stress disorder : 1110 pupils in the PTSD positive number of 103 people, accounting for 9.3%. single factor analysis of influential factors are: disaster experience, residence, only child, parents say, on their extracurricular activities, the praise, the number of friends, inside and outside to emotional stability and mental quality; Logistic regression analysis showed that the disaster experience. Influence factors of residence and psychoticism is post-traumatic stress disorder. (4) the requirements of psychological crisis intervention: when faced with an emergency, 38.1% of the students hope the collective psychological counseling, 66.7% psychological help from parents were38.1, and to choose the gender, the two grade, place of residence, whether the only difference between no statistical significance (P0.05). (5) the demand of mental health education in schools to carry out emergency crisis: if the psychological crisis of health education activities, 67.8% primary school students willing to actively participate in and 27. .4% said the school request to participate, only 4.8% are not willing to participate, and willingness to participate in gender, grade, whether the only difference (P0.05). Further investigation found that in 1057 pupils have the willingness to participate in the 40% most wanted to carry out a campaign this month; 40.9% the most hope teacher is active providers; activities to understand the content is how to prevent emergencies (51.7%) and (51.5%) how to alleviate the psychological crisis; love activities mainly in the form of psychological film (45%) and psychological games (40.8%).
Conclusion: the social support of pupils in Chongqing level is not high, the overall tendency of introversion personality, stable; PTSD is widespread, and is associated with many factors such as personality; schools should be based on the characteristics of the psychological need, they have planned, organized according to the psychological crisis intervention services.

【學位授予單位】：重慶醫(yī)科大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R395

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