本文選題：虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)　切入點(diǎn)：媒介屬性　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：技術(shù)總是不斷更新迭代,如同人類社會(huì)的"推進(jìn)器",推動(dòng)時(shí)代的發(fā)展。2014年初,Facebook 20億美元收購(gòu)虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)公司Oculus,正式宣布進(jìn)入虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)領(lǐng)域,虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)(Virtual Reality,簡(jiǎn)稱VR)真正走進(jìn)了大眾視野。虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)的發(fā)展不僅引發(fā)了資本市場(chǎng)的震動(dòng),也影響了人類社會(huì)各個(gè)行業(yè)的發(fā)展,包括傳媒業(yè)。虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)的出現(xiàn)滿足了新媒體語(yǔ)境下受眾對(duì)"臨場(chǎng)感"要求,作品互動(dòng)性增強(qiáng),受眾成為參與者,通過(guò)技術(shù)手段"沉浸"在環(huán)境之中,產(chǎn)生共情(empathy)效應(yīng),虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)成為一種新興傳播媒介,就此繼而成全了一種全新新聞報(bào)道形式——虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)新聞(VR新聞)。敘事學(xué)被引入到新聞傳播學(xué)領(lǐng)域,成為一門交叉學(xué)科即新聞敘事學(xué),為新聞文本研究提供了一個(gè)新的理論視角和框架。幾乎每種新媒介的出現(xiàn)都會(huì)影響新聞敘事的變化。"虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)+新聞"未來(lái)的發(fā)展動(dòng)向,仍處于霧里看花的階段。如何成為適應(yīng)技術(shù)發(fā)展的全媒體工作者,是從業(yè)者眼下面臨的問(wèn)題。本研究首先對(duì)研究所涉及的名詞概念進(jìn)行解析。立足傳播學(xué),"技術(shù).決定論"、"人性趨勢(shì)化"等觀點(diǎn)為"虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)作為媒介形態(tài)"提供了理論支撐。本文將對(duì)虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)進(jìn)行媒介屬性解讀,提出虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)具備自主選擇性、交互性、沉浸性、真實(shí)性和趣味性等媒介特征,滿足了新聞業(yè)對(duì)"還原真相"的進(jìn)一步需求。根據(jù)技術(shù)在新聞界的應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀和實(shí)踐情況,將虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)新聞分為CGI(計(jì)算機(jī)合成圖像)、2D全景視頻、3D全景視頻三種類型,并提出"有深度信息"的3D全景視頻將成為虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)新聞最常見(jiàn)的成熟形態(tài)。筆者對(duì)"VR新聞實(shí)驗(yàn)室"與《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》的近500條VR全景視頻新聞作品進(jìn)行了整理,初步分析了虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)新聞的題材類型。分析虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)的媒介屬性和新聞敘事的關(guān)系,虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)的媒介屬性推動(dòng)新聞敘事的變革,并且決定著新聞敘事的變革方向,新聞敘事的變革也是媒介發(fā)展的必然結(jié)果。在虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)的沖擊下,新聞表達(dá)范式進(jìn)行重構(gòu)。從敘事角度,總結(jié)虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)作為媒介對(duì)一般新聞敘事的影響:與一般新聞敘事相比,敘事內(nèi)容呈現(xiàn)從表層信息到深度敘事的趨勢(shì),敘事空間從"缺席"轉(zhuǎn)向"遙在",敘事結(jié)構(gòu)不再以線性結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn),信息依靠受者挖掘,敘事語(yǔ)言的表達(dá)不再只依賴文本,而是運(yùn)用多種符號(hào),而敘事風(fēng)格則趨向"實(shí)用+審美"。最后,綜合虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)的媒介屬性,本研究總結(jié)出多條敘事策略,其中包括敘事選題需有針對(duì)性、敘事視角單一性、敘事時(shí)間與故事時(shí)間同步化、敘事符號(hào)應(yīng)用的多樣化、敘事結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單化以及其他敘事技巧。由于VR/AR設(shè)備尚未普及,本研究嘗試從生產(chǎn)者角度來(lái)看待虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)新聞,與行業(yè)從業(yè)者進(jìn)行訪談,一步步證實(shí)觀點(diǎn)。希望為志在成為虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)新聞的從業(yè)者的人,提供實(shí)踐和學(xué)習(xí)方向參考。
[Abstract]:Technology is constantly updated and iterated, like the "thruster" of human society, driving the development of the times. In early 2014, Facebook bought Oculus, a virtual reality technology company, for $2 billion, and officially announced its entry into virtual reality. Virtual reality technology (VRV) has come into the public vision. The development of virtual reality technology not only causes the shock of capital market, but also affects the development of various industries in human society. Including the media industry. The emergence of virtual reality technology meets the needs of the audience for "presence" in the new media context, the works become more interactive, the audience becomes participants, and through technical means "immerse" in the environment, producing empathy and empathyeffect. Virtual reality has become a new medium of communication, and has thus become a new form of news reporting-virtual reality news / VR news. Narratology has been introduced into the field of news communication and become an interdisciplinary subject, that is, news narratology. It provides a new theoretical perspective and framework for the study of news texts. The emergence of almost every new medium will affect the changes of news narration. It's still in the fog. How to be an all-media worker to adapt to the development of technology, This study first analyzes the concept of nouns involved in the study. Based on the views of communication, "technology. Determinism" and "trend of human nature", etc., it provides "virtual reality as a media form" This paper will interpret the media attributes of virtual reality. It is pointed out that virtual reality has the characteristics of independent selectivity, interactivity, immersion, authenticity and interest, which satisfies the further demand of journalism for "restoring truth". According to the present situation of application and practice of technology in the press, the paper points out that virtual reality has the characteristics of self-selection, interactivity, immersion, authenticity and interest. The virtual reality news is divided into three types: CGI (computer synthetic image / 2D panoramic video / 3D panorama video). It is proposed that 3D panoramic video with "depth information" will become the most common mature form of virtual reality news. The author collates nearly 500 VR panoramic video news works of "VR News Lab" and "New York Times". This paper analyzes the subject matter types of virtual reality news, analyzes the relationship between the media attribute of virtual reality and news narration, the media attribute of virtual reality promotes the change of news narrative, and determines the direction of news narrative reform. The change of news narrative is also the inevitable result of media development. Under the impact of virtual reality, news expression paradigm is reconstructed. From the perspective of narrative, the influence of virtual reality on general news narrative is summarized. Narrative content shows the trend from surface information to deep narrative, narrative space changes from "absent" to "distant", narrative structure no longer appears as a linear structure, information is mined by the recipient, and the expression of narrative language no longer depends on text only. Instead, it uses a variety of symbols, while the narrative style tends to be "practical aesthetic". Finally, by synthesizing the media attributes of virtual reality, this study summarizes several narrative strategies, including the need for targeted narrative topics, the singularity of narrative perspective, The synchronization of narrative time and story time, the diversification of narrative symbols, the simplification of narrative structure and other narrative techniques. As VR/AR devices have not been popularized, this study attempts to look at virtual reality news from the perspective of producers. Interviews with industry practitioners, step by step proof of view, hope to become virtual reality news practitioners, to provide practical and learning direction reference.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：G210.7

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