【摘要】：伊迪斯·華頓(1862-1937)是美國(guó)最重要的女作家之一。華頓對(duì)她的生活環(huán)境比較敏感,擅長(zhǎng)描述美國(guó)貴族社會(huì)生活中的風(fēng)俗和行為準(zhǔn)則。她的小說(shuō)《純真年代》(1920)于1921年獲得普利策文學(xué)獎(jiǎng),從此華頓成為獲得該獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)的第一位女性。這部小說(shuō)講述了主人公紐蘭·阿切爾、艾倫·奧蘭斯卡以及梅·韋蘭德之間復(fù)雜的情感糾葛。在前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上,該文試圖運(yùn)用弗洛伊德焦慮和防御機(jī)制理論分析主人公的復(fù)雜心路歷程,主要探究他們的焦慮以及他們是如何采用防御機(jī)制應(yīng)對(duì)焦慮以達(dá)到內(nèi)心平靜。本文由六個(gè)部分組成。引言簡(jiǎn)要介紹了作品的研究背景,并且指出了本研究的理論意義和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。第一章主要介紹了作者的生平經(jīng)歷及她的作品《純真年代》,由分析作者創(chuàng)作的心路歷程得知,《純真年代》這部作品是作者個(gè)人經(jīng)歷的體現(xiàn)。第二章主要介紹了國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀。第三章系統(tǒng)地介紹了弗洛伊德精神分析理論。第四章主要分析了紐蘭運(yùn)用認(rèn)同防御機(jī)制來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)由違背老紐約傳統(tǒng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)帶來(lái)的道德性這部焦慮,以及運(yùn)用合理化和幻想防御機(jī)制來(lái)減輕由責(zé)任感的婚姻與浪漫愛(ài)情間的抉擇帶來(lái)的神經(jīng)性焦慮;接著分析了愛(ài)倫運(yùn)用抵消和升華防御機(jī)制來(lái)減輕由對(duì)梅的婚姻破壞帶來(lái)的道德性焦慮;最后分析了梅運(yùn)用反向形成和內(nèi)投防御機(jī)制來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)由愛(ài)倫的威脅與紐蘭的離棄帶來(lái)的現(xiàn)實(shí)性焦慮。最后一部分是結(jié)論。適當(dāng)?shù)淖晕曳烙鶛C(jī)制不僅可以緩解主人公的個(gè)人焦慮以實(shí)現(xiàn)他們的內(nèi)心和平與精神和諧,對(duì)現(xiàn)代生活也具有一定的指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:Edith Wharton (1862-1937) is one of the most important female writers in the United States. Wharton is sensitive to her living environment and is good at describing the customs and codes of conduct in the aristocratic society of the United States. Her novel the Age of innocence (1920) won the Pulitzer Prize for Literature in 1921, and Wharton became the first woman to win it. The novel tells the complex emotional entanglement between the protagonists Newland Archer, Alan Olenska and May Weyland. On the basis of previous studies, this paper attempts to use Freud's theory of anxiety and defense mechanism to analyze the protagonist's complex mental process, mainly to explore their anxiety and how they use defense mechanism to cope with anxiety in order to achieve inner peace. This paper consists of six parts. The introduction briefly introduces the research background of the works, and points out the theoretical and practical significance of this study. The first chapter mainly introduces the author's life experience and her work "the Age of Pure", which is the embodiment of the author's personal experience from the analysis of the author's mental process. The second chapter mainly introduces the domestic and foreign research status. The third chapter systematically introduces Freud's psychoanalysis theory. The fourth chapter mainly analyzes Newland's application of identity defense mechanism to deal with the moral anxiety caused by violating the traditional standards of old New York. And the use of rationalization and fantasy defense mechanism to reduce the sense of responsibility between marriage and romantic love between the choice brought about by the nervous anxiety; Then it analyzes Ellen's use of countervailing and sublimation defense mechanism to alleviate the moral anxiety caused by the destruction of Mei's marriage. In the end, the author analyzes Mei's realistic anxiety caused by Ellen's threat and Newland's abandonment by using the mechanism of reverse formation and introjection. The last part is the conclusion. Proper self-defense mechanism can not only alleviate the personal anxiety of the protagonists in order to realize their inner peace and spiritual harmony, but also has certain guiding significance to modern life.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：I712.074

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