本文選題：阿爾志跋綏夫 + 個人主義��； 參考：《上海外國語大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：米哈伊爾.彼德洛維奇.阿爾志跋綏夫((?))是白銀時代擁有鮮明個性的作家,其代表作有長篇小說《薩寧》、《絕境》及中篇小說《蘭德之死》、《工人舍維廖夫》等�！端_寧》曾一時轟動俄羅斯甚至整個歐洲,同時也因作品中張揚的個人主義遭受批評�！督^境》一經出版再次引起猛烈評論,這本充滿死亡意識的小說被稱為“死亡的俱樂部”,一定程度致使當時社會的自殺情緒蔓延。阿爾志跋綏夫雖飽受爭議,卻是一個真實表達個性聲音的作家,是一個用盡一生思考哲理問題的人,其作品中充盈著對生命意義和死亡意識的思考、對人的出路的探索。阿爾志跋綏夫將個人感悟置于社會背景之下,在真實的描寫中彰顯社會的迷茫,在顫栗的闡述中詮釋青春的彷徨,在嬉笑的絕望中拷問人的精神價值。阿爾志跋綏夫的作品盡管充滿爭議,卻具有鮮明的時代性,較為真實地反映了 20世紀初俄國迷茫彷徨的社會語境和俄國人探索出路的精神狀態(tài)。個人主義和死亡意識是阿爾志跋綏夫小說創(chuàng)作中的兩個重要思想,也是其主要創(chuàng)作主題,因此深入解讀這兩方面思想對于全面把握阿爾志跋綏夫的整體創(chuàng)作特點,以及還原二十世紀之交的社會語境和人的精神狀態(tài)具有重要意義。本論文分為緒論、正文(三章)和結論三部分,主要以阿爾志跋綏夫的長篇小說《薩寧》、《絕境》,中篇小說《工人舍維廖夫》,以及短篇小說《血痕》、《狂笑》、《深淵》等作品作為研究文本,通過文本分析法詳細解讀阿爾志跋綏夫小說創(chuàng)作中的個人主義和死亡意識。緒論部分概述阿爾志跋綏夫及其作品在俄羅斯和中國各階段的研究狀況。第一章介紹阿爾志跋綏夫從寫實主義轉向頹廢主義的創(chuàng)作手法以及阿爾志跋綏夫創(chuàng)作的鮮明個性,而后分三階段闡述其創(chuàng)作的歷程及文壇聲譽的變化。第二章闡述阿爾志跋綏夫小說創(chuàng)作中的個人主義,首先從尼采、施蒂納的哲學影響角度解讀阿爾志跋綏夫的個人主義觀,而后重點分析作家小說中塑造的典型人主義形象,以個人享樂主義者薩寧和個人無政府主義者舍維廖夫為主要對象,詳細分析其個人主義的具體表現(xiàn)并進行評價。第三章闡述阿爾志跋綏夫創(chuàng)作中的死亡意識,首先詮釋阿爾志跋綏夫自我和本我、自我和超我兩層面的死亡意識,而后簡要概括小說的死亡主題和常用的死亡意象,最后詳細闡述小說人物死亡意識的具體呈現(xiàn)。結語部分則對前文內容和邏輯進行歸納和疏理,從橫向縱向視角闡明阿爾志跋綏夫個人主義觀和死亡意識的交錯演變和融合,指出這正是作家對“人的出路”問題的精神拷問和道路選擇。
[Abstract]:Mikhail. Peter Lovic. (AlZhiba Suifu) He is a writer with a distinct personality in the silver era. His masterpieces include the novels "Sanin", "the desperate situation" and the novella "the death of Rand", "the worker Severyov" and so on. "Sanin" once caused a stir in Russia and even the whole of Europe. At the same time, it has been criticized for its individualism. Once published, the novel, which is full of death consciousness, is called "Club of death", which to a certain extent caused the spread of suicidal mood in the society at that time. Although he is a controversial writer, he is a writer who really expresses his personality. He is a man who uses his whole life to think about philosophical problems. His works are filled with thoughts on the meaning of life and the consciousness of death, and the exploration of man's outlet. Alzbarsworthy puts his personal feelings under the social background, reveals the confusion of the society in the true description, interprets the wandering of youth in the interpretation of tremors, and interrogates the spiritual value of people in the midst of laughing and despair. Although his works are full of controversy, they are of distinct epochal character, which truly reflect the confused social context of Russia at the beginning of the 20th century and the spiritual state of exploring the way out for the Russians. Individualism and consciousness of death are two important thoughts in the creation of Alzhivasuevi's novels, and they are also the main themes of his creation. It is of great significance to restore the social context and people's mental state at the turn of the 20th century. This paper is divided into three parts: introduction, body (three chapters) and conclusion. The main works are the novels of Alzhivasueifu, such as "Sanin", "the desperate situation", the novella "the worker Severyov", and the short story "Blood scar", "laugh", "the Abyss" and so on. This paper analyzes the individualism and the consciousness of death in the creation of the novels by means of text analysis. In the introduction part, the author summarizes the research situation of Alzbarasuev and his works in Russia and China. In the first chapter, the author introduces the writing technique of AlZhiba Suifu from realism to decadence, and the distinct personality of his creation, and then expounds the course of his creation and the changes of literary reputation in three stages. The second chapter expounds the individualism in the creation of Alzipasuevi's novels. Firstly, from the perspective of Nietzsche and Steiner's philosophical influence, the author interprets the individualism view of Alziva Zeifu, and then analyzes the typical humanism image created in the writer's novels. Taking Sanin, an individual hedonist, and Shaviliov, an individual anarchist, as the main objects, this paper analyzes in detail the concrete manifestation of his individualism and evaluates it. The third chapter expounds the consciousness of death in the creation of Alziva Zeifu. First, it interprets the death consciousness of self and ego, ego and superego, and then briefly summarizes the death theme and the commonly used death image of the novel. At last, the author elaborates the concrete presentation of the death consciousness of the characters in the novel. The conclusion part sums up the contents and logic of the above and expounds the staggered evolution and fusion of the individualism and the consciousness of death from the horizontal and vertical angle of view. It is pointed out that this is the spiritual torture and road choice of the problem of man's outlet.
【學位授予單位】：上海外國語大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：I512.074

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