本文選題：身份 + “空間三一論”�。� 參考：《西南大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：作為英國文學(xué)史上少有的橫跨了兩個(gè)世紀(jì)的作家,托馬斯·哈代對(duì)英國文學(xué)的發(fā)展具有重要影響。在其所有作品中,威塞克斯小說最受矚目。在《遠(yuǎn)離塵囂》中哈代第一次提出“威塞克斯”這一地域概念。與此同時(shí),這部作品也為哈代的作家生涯奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。數(shù)十年來,國內(nèi)外學(xué)者對(duì)這部小說的研究主要集中在“性別”、“生態(tài)”、“倫理”等方面,卻很少從空間這一角度來解讀主要人物的身份建構(gòu)問題。小說中的人物在一個(gè)個(gè)地點(diǎn)之間的輾轉(zhuǎn)往復(fù)賦予了小說敘事極強(qiáng)的空間感。由此可見,從空間角度解讀這部作品可以更加深入的了解它的思想內(nèi)涵和價(jià)值。本文主要結(jié)合亨利·列斐伏爾的“空間三一論”,解讀物理空間以及社會(huì)空間中折射出的人物社會(huì)關(guān)系,揭示小說中人物在身份尋求過程中的阻礙和矛盾。最后通過分析不同人物的身份建構(gòu)的成功和失敗,進(jìn)而深度探討作品中折射出的哈代的思想內(nèi)涵。哈代認(rèn)為只有那些能夠適應(yīng)社會(huì)變革改變的人,方能成功的建構(gòu)其身份,擁有幸福完整的人生。除引言和結(jié)論部分,本論文共包含三章。第一章集中論述作品中呈現(xiàn)的物理空間。物理空間作為主體可以通過情感實(shí)踐直接感受到的實(shí)際空間,在人物性格、身份塑造等方面具有重要作用。作品中呈現(xiàn)出的矛盾的物理空間不僅揭示了威塞克斯地區(qū)處于永恒不變的沖突矛盾狀態(tài),而且對(duì)主體身份建構(gòu)造成了阻礙。此外,自然景觀空間和人工景觀空間的強(qiáng)烈對(duì)比造成了了人物對(duì)自我身份的迷惑。第二章主要分析社會(huì)空間。列斐伏爾認(rèn)為空間不是一個(gè)死板靜止的容器。小說中的社會(huì)空間也是流動(dòng)的,不穩(wěn)定的。根據(jù)列斐伏爾的空間生產(chǎn)說,空間是一種產(chǎn)物。它也是一個(gè)社會(huì)關(guān)系和社會(huì)秩序的重建的過程,它生產(chǎn)社會(huì)也反映社會(huì)。也就是說,社會(huì)空間在不同人物的社會(huì)交流中得以形成。在哈代筆下,社會(huì)空間中充滿著階級(jí)沖突以及這種社會(huì)關(guān)系下人的疏離。社會(huì)空間中的矛盾和沖突對(duì)人物身份建構(gòu)造成了阻礙。第三章主要分析個(gè)人空間轉(zhuǎn)移和主要人物身份建構(gòu)。個(gè)體空間作為列斐伏爾所提出的“空間三一論”中的表征空間,對(duì)空間分析具有重要意義。個(gè)體空間突出了個(gè)體的主體性,在主體身份建構(gòu)的過程中起到了重要的支撐作用。哈代的小說中人物總是帶著某種尋求行走在路上。這部小說中,對(duì)于身份的焦慮驅(qū)使人物開始了身份尋求之旅。在個(gè)體空間的轉(zhuǎn)換的過程人物實(shí)現(xiàn)了其身份的建構(gòu)。作為近年來常用的一種研究方法,空間批評(píng)為文學(xué)研究提供了一個(gè)新的視角。空間視域下解讀哈代的《遠(yuǎn)離塵囂》可以深度挖掘這部小說空間敘事之中蘊(yùn)含的社會(huì)、文化的深層含義。事實(shí)上,不僅是作品中人物,處于維多利亞社會(huì)變革時(shí)期的人們也經(jīng)受著各種各樣的矛盾和沖突。這些矛盾和不確定性直接或間接的導(dǎo)致了人們對(duì)身份的焦慮。面對(duì)這樣那樣的矛盾沖突,哈代認(rèn)為人只有努力適應(yīng)環(huán)境,才能真正遠(yuǎn)離塵囂,完成對(duì)身份的構(gòu)建。他始終堅(jiān)信只要遵循“適者生存”的規(guī)律,人就能得以生存和發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:As a rare writer in the history of English literature for two centuries, Thomas Hardy has an important influence on the development of English literature. In all of his works, Wessex's novels are the most attractive. In the "far from the uproar", Hardy first proposed the region of "Wessex". At the same time, this work is also for Hardy's work. For decades, scholars at home and abroad have mainly focused on "sex", "ecology", "ethics" and so on, but rarely read the identity construction of the main characters from the angle of space. So it can be seen that the interpretation of this work from the angle of space can be more in-depth understanding of its ideological connotation and value. This article mainly combines Henry Lefebvre's "space 31 theory", interprets the social relations reflected in the physical space and the social space, and reveals the process of identity seeking in the novel. In the end, through the analysis of the success and failure of the identity construction of different characters, the author further explores the ideological connotation of Hardy reflected in his works. Hardy believes that only those who are able to adapt to the change of social change can succeed in constructing their identity and having a complete life. The first chapter consists of three chapters. The first chapter focuses on the physical space presented in the works. The physical space, as the subject can be directly felt through emotional practice, plays an important role in character character and identity molding. The contradictory physical space presented in the work does not only reveal the everlasting change of the Wessex area. In addition, the strong contrast between the natural landscape space and the artificial landscape space causes the characters to confuse their identity. The second chapter mainly analyzes the social space. Lefebvre believes that space is not a rigid and static container. The social space in the novel is also a flow. It is not stable. According to Lefebvre's space production, space is a product. It is also a process of reconstructing social relations and social order, and its production society reflects society. That is to say, social space is formed in the social exchanges of different characters. In the pen, social space is full of class conflict and the social space. This social relationship is alienated. The contradiction and conflict in the social space obstruct the identity construction. The third chapter mainly analyzes the individual space transfer and the construction of the identity of the main characters. The individual space, as the representation space in the "space 31 theory" proposed by Li Fei Fu, is of great significance to space analysis. The subjectivity of the individual has been highlighted, which plays an important supporting role in the process of the construction of the subject identity. The characters in Hardy's novels always take some kind of seeking walking on the road. In this novel, the anxiety of identity drives the characters to start the journey of identity seeking. The characters in the process of the transformation of individual space have realized their identity construction. As a research method commonly used in recent years, space criticism provides a new perspective for literature research. Interpretation of Hardy's "far away from the uproar" under space view can dig deeper into the society and the deep meaning of culture in the space narrative of the novel. In fact, it is not only the characters in the works, but also in the social change in Vitoria. People in the period also undergo a variety of contradictions and conflicts. These contradictions and uncertainty directly or indirectly lead to people's anxiety of identity. Facing such contradictions and conflicts, Hardy believes that only by trying to adapt to the environment can people truly stay away from the uproar and complete the construction of their identity. He always believes in following the "life of the fittest". The law of "survival" can survive and develop.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：I561.074

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