【摘要】：已有對(duì)現(xiàn)代漢語“把”字句的研究雖然成果豐碩,但研究范圍卻僅局限于一些“典型”的“把”字句。這些“典型”“把”字句的特點(diǎn)是“把”后賓語多為受事論元,語義多表示為處置或致使。在句法上,這類“把”字句要求“把”后的VP必須是復(fù)雜的,多表現(xiàn)為動(dòng)補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)、“動(dòng)詞+介詞短語”結(jié)構(gòu)或動(dòng)詞+“了／著／過”等體標(biāo)記的形式。 本文所研究的“把”字句則與這些“典型”“把”字句不同,在形式上表現(xiàn)為其謂語部分恰恰僅以v結(jié)句。由于典型“把”字句的謂語動(dòng)詞以“V+c”式居多,因此我們把這類特殊的沒有C的“把”字句稱為無補(bǔ)“把”字句。本文所研究的無補(bǔ)“把”字句包括“把N-V”“把N+X+V”“把N+N”以及“把N+V(一)V”四種,其中以“把N-V”結(jié)構(gòu)為主要研究對(duì)象。 本文在窮盡考查語料的基礎(chǔ)上,通過句式之間的變換、對(duì)比,對(duì)以V結(jié)句的無補(bǔ)“把”字句進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)考查,尤其重點(diǎn)對(duì)“把N-V”結(jié)構(gòu)從語義、語法以及使用條件等方面進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的分析討論。 能夠進(jìn)入“把N-V”結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞表義都與“位移”有關(guān),具體依語義虛化程度不同分別可以表示“位移”“變化”以及“有無”等意義。因此雖然“把N-V”結(jié)構(gòu)從表面上看只有一個(gè)動(dòng)詞,但實(shí)際卻在表意上隱含了另一個(gè)成分,即除了有語音形式的動(dòng)作V1之外,還暗含了另一個(gè)表示動(dòng)作結(jié)果的V2,只不過由于該句式在語義上不強(qiáng)調(diào)V2,因此V2在表層形式上沒有出現(xiàn)。在語義上,該結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作事件的“短時(shí)”性、“狀態(tài)”性和“條件”性,因此“把N-V”結(jié)構(gòu)不能自足,在使用過程中需要和后續(xù)事件一同出現(xiàn)。 本文還詳細(xì)對(duì)比了“把N-V”與和它關(guān)系密切的兩種結(jié)構(gòu)——“把NV一下”“一VN”——在具體使用中的一些差別,重點(diǎn)考察了只能使用“把N-V”結(jié)構(gòu)不能使用其他相似結(jié)構(gòu)替換的情形。 最后,文章還簡(jiǎn)要討論了“把N+X+V”“把N+V”以及“把N+V(一)V”等三種無補(bǔ)“把”字句。本文也是從謂語部分入手,指出這些看似“無補(bǔ)”的特殊“把”字句內(nèi)部實(shí)際都隱含了一個(gè)結(jié)果V2。也就是說,究其實(shí)質(zhì),本文所研究的四類無補(bǔ)“把”字句無論在意義表達(dá)方面還是深層構(gòu)造上,實(shí)際都與典型“把”字句一致。
[Abstract]:Although the research on the word "Ba" in modern Chinese has been fruitful, the scope of research is limited to some typical "Ba" sentences. The characteristics of these "typical" Ba "sentences are that most of the post-object words are subject arguments, and the semantics are mostly represented as disposal or causation. Syntactically, the VP of this kind of "put" sentence must be complex, mostly manifested as dynamic complement structure, "verb prepositional phrase" structure or verb "Zhe / too" and other forms of stylistic markers. The "Ba" sentence studied in this paper is different from these "typical" Ba "sentences, which are expressed in form as that the predicate part of the sentence is only concluded with v. Because most of the predicate verbs of the typical "Ba" sentence are "V C", we call this kind of special "Ba" sentence with no C as the unhelpful "Ba" sentence. The unhelpful "Ba" sentences studied in this paper include "take N 鈮，

本文編號(hào)：2482355