發(fā)布時間：2018-12-16 02:03

【摘要】：《樸通事》是朝鮮時代最重要的漢語口語官方教科書之一，在漢語史及對外漢語教學(xué)史上有著很重要的地位，為研究近代漢語詞匯的演變提供了寶貴的口語材料。本文以汪維輝先生編纂點校的《朝鮮時代漢語教科書叢刊》收錄的《樸通事諺解》和《樸通事新釋諺解》兩個版本為語料，將兩個版本中主要實詞的演變進(jìn)行了對比研究。具體方法是以語義場作為研究對象，對其中的同義詞、近義詞進(jìn)行個體數(shù)量的統(tǒng)計，通過統(tǒng)計不同版本中詞語使用次數(shù)變化數(shù)量，對新舊詞語興衰更替的變化進(jìn)行描寫，并對詞語更替的原因作了分析，總結(jié)出詞語演變的類型，借此總結(jié)出我國北方漢語詞匯在明清兩代的歷時變化的一些規(guī)律，希望對近代漢語詞匯的研究有所幫助。 本文按照實詞的詞性分為動詞演變、名詞演變、形容詞演變?nèi)箢�，以語義場為研究對象，對其中的同義詞、近義詞做了比較分析，總結(jié)出《樸通事》實詞演變的類型：同義詞的替換、換位、同義聚合的交替。通過探討同一聚合中詞語更替的原因，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)詞語更替涉及到漢語詞綴發(fā)展規(guī)律、語言內(nèi)部系統(tǒng)平衡性、詞義負(fù)擔(dān)、表達(dá)能效損耗、語體、語用、方言等因素。并得出以下總論： 漢語詞綴發(fā)展呈潮汐式律動。唐宋時期，漢語詞綴發(fā)展呈現(xiàn)繁榮，即漲潮期，元明清漢語詞綴進(jìn)入萎縮期，即退潮期，到了當(dāng)代，漢語詞綴進(jìn)入新的漲潮期，因此我們認(rèn)為漢語詞綴的發(fā)展呈現(xiàn)出潮汐式發(fā)展，在退潮期導(dǎo)致某些詞綴的消失或活躍程度降低。 詞語演變的突出特點是語義場成員間的更替變化，新舊詞語呈現(xiàn)此消彼長的態(tài)勢，，在詞語的不斷變化中詞匯系統(tǒng)達(dá)到新的平衡。 詞義負(fù)擔(dān)影響詞語的演變。一個詞承擔(dān)了過多義項勢必會影響使用，語言交際要求明確性，這就使詞義負(fù)擔(dān)較重的詞語被詞義負(fù)擔(dān)較輕的詞語替換，從而引起了詞語演變。 詞語使用過度過久，會產(chǎn)生表達(dá)功能的損耗，從而誘導(dǎo)新詞語的出現(xiàn)，引發(fā)新舊詞語的更替。 對外漢語教材的性質(zhì)促使詞語更換。如帶南方方言色彩的詞語和古奧詞語被替換，是由于教材要求使用通語和口語化的詞語。 此外，本文再次印證了語言與社會的共變關(guān)系，社會在政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會交流方面對實詞更替變化也有影響。
[Abstract]:Park Tong Shi is one of the most important official textbooks of spoken Chinese in the Korean era, which plays an important role in the history of Chinese language and teaching Chinese as a foreign language, and provides valuable oral materials for the study of the evolution of modern Chinese vocabulary. In this paper, the evolution of the main notional words in the two versions of "Pu Tong Si Jie" and "Pu Tong Si New explanation proverbs" collected by Wang Wei-hui 's Chinese textbook Series of Korean Age is compared and studied. The specific method is to take the semantic field as the object of study, to count the number of synonyms and synonyms, and to describe the changes of the rise and fall of new and old words by counting the number of times of words used in different versions. This paper also analyzes the reasons for the change of words, sums up the types of word evolution, sums up some rules of the diachronic changes of Chinese vocabulary in northern China in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and hopes to be helpful to the study of Chinese vocabulary in modern times. This article divides into three categories according to the notional word's part of speech: the verb evolution, the noun evolution, the adjective evolvement, takes the semantic field as the research object, has made the comparative analysis to the synonym and the synonym among them. This paper summarizes the types of the evolvement of the notional words: the substitution of synonyms, and the alternation of synonym aggregation. By discussing the reasons of word turnover in the same aggregation, we find that the change of words is related to the development law of Chinese affix, the balance of language system, the burden of word meaning, the loss of energy efficiency of expression, language style, pragmatics, dialect and so on. And draw the following general theory: the development of Chinese affixes is tidal rhythm. During the Tang and Song dynasties, the development of Chinese affixes became prosperous, that is, the high tide period, the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties Chinese affixes entered the shrinking period, that is, the ebb tide period, and at present, the Chinese affixes entered a new high tide period. Therefore, we think that the development of Chinese affixes shows tidal development, which leads to the disappearance or decrease of activity of some affixes during the ebb tide. The prominent feature of the word evolution is the change of the members of the semantic field, the new and old words show a trend of change one after another, and the lexical system achieves a new balance in the continuous changes of the words. The burden of word meaning affects the evolution of words. If a word bears too many meanings, it will inevitably affect its use, and language communication will require clarity, which makes the words with a heavy meaning burden replaced by words with a lighter meaning burden, thus causing the evolution of words and expressions. If words are used for too long, they will cause the loss of expression function, which will induce the emergence of new words and lead to the replacement of old and new words. The nature of teaching materials for Chinese as a foreign language promotes the change of words. If the words with the color of Southern dialect and ancient words are replaced, because the textbooks require the use of general language and colloquial words. In addition, this paper confirms the covariant relationship between language and society, and the social influence on the change of notional words in politics, economy and social communication.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H134

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