【摘要】：漢語親屬稱謂是漢語詞匯系統(tǒng)中獨(dú)具特色的成分之一,具有語言學(xué)及文化學(xué)的雙重意義。本文在前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上,通過實(shí)地考察,運(yùn)用描寫比較分析的方法,對四川及重慶地區(qū)8個方言點(diǎn)的親屬稱謂進(jìn)行了全面的調(diào)查,分別從從祖輩、父輩、同輩、子輩、孫輩五個層面進(jìn)行研究,較詳細(xì)的描寫了這些地區(qū)的核心親屬稱謂語在四川省的分布情況及主要稱謂方式,分析歸納親屬稱謂在構(gòu)詞上、語音上、語用上的特點(diǎn),從地域、傳統(tǒng)、移民三個視角揭示了其文化內(nèi)涵,以及探討其發(fā)展趨勢。 “四川官話”古時稱為“蜀語”或者“蜀方言”,發(fā)源于上古時期的古巴語和古蜀語,之后四川話便隨巴蜀地區(qū)的歷史進(jìn)程和移民更替而不斷地發(fā)展演進(jìn)。與漢民族共同語和其他方言相比,四川官話親屬稱謂具有自身特殊性和內(nèi)部多樣性。自身特殊性是由于四川特殊的歷史背景、社會生活、地域文化以及傳統(tǒng)觀念所決定的。內(nèi)部多樣性主要是受移民文化的影響。悠久的語言歷史,使四川官話親屬稱謂語中保留了一些古時的語音形式。如表“祖父母”的主要稱謂“公”、“婆”,采用古代傳統(tǒng)的單音節(jié)形式,表“外曾祖父母”、“外祖父母”的稱謂語“老家”、“家家”、“家公”、“家婆”中,“家”在親屬稱謂中保留了中古的見母假攝麻韻二等開口音。特殊的山地地形以及古時以農(nóng)業(yè)為主的生產(chǎn)活動形成了一些如“甩擔(dān)”、“挑腦殼”、“姨抬”等典型的稱謂詞,進(jìn)一步突出了獨(dú)特的地域特征影響下所形成的的四川官話親屬稱謂語獨(dú)具特色。同時傳統(tǒng)的男尊女卑心理在農(nóng)村根深蒂固,使得四川官話中的親屬稱謂具有一定的特殊性以及多樣性。如對妻子的稱謂就有“婆[C、屋頭人、娃兒他媽、煮飯的、家主婆、堂客”等,對丈夫的稱謂如“男人、當(dāng)家人、主勞、門前人”等。受幾次巨大的移民浪潮的影響,使得四川方言中的親屬稱謂語既具有自身本土氣息,還帶有湘方言、贛方言、閩方言、客家方言特色。反映在親屬稱謂語中如四川閩方言中表干爹媽的稱謂“保�！钡�,四川客家方言中表母親的稱謂“姐”,四川贛方言中表表兄弟的稱謂“老表”,四川湘方言中表孩子的稱謂“崽”等。移民文化造就了四川話親屬稱謂內(nèi)部多樣性。 四川官話親屬稱謂的復(fù)雜多樣且獨(dú)具特色,一定會為漢語方言親屬稱謂的進(jìn)一步研究提供重要的參考資料。
[Abstract]:Chinese kinship appellation is one of the unique components in the Chinese lexical system, which has the dual meanings of linguistics and culturology. On the basis of previous studies, this paper makes a comprehensive investigation on the kinship appellations of eight dialects in Sichuan and Chongqing by means of field investigation and comparative analysis, respectively, from the ancestors, fathers, peers, children, etc. This paper studies the five aspects of grandchildren, describes in detail the distribution and main appellations of the core kinship appellations in Sichuan Province, and analyzes and sums up the characteristics of kinship appellations in terms of word formation, pronunciation and pragmatics. The traditional and immigration perspectives reveal its cultural connotation and explore its development trend. In ancient times, "Sichuan Mandarin" was called "Shu language" or "Shu dialect", which originated from Cuban and ancient Shu languages in ancient times. Afterwards, Sichuan dialect continued to develop and evolve with the historical process of Bashu area and the replacement of immigrants. Compared with Chinese common language and other dialects, Sichuan Mandarin kinship appellation has its own particularity and internal diversity. Its particularity is determined by Sichuan's special historical background, social life, regional culture and traditional ideas. Internal diversity is mainly influenced by immigrant culture. With a long history of language, Sichuan Mandarin kinship appellations retain some ancient phonetic forms. For example, the main appellations of "grandparents" are "public" and "grandmother", which adopt the traditional monosyllabic form of ancient times, and the appellations of "grandparent", "hometown", "grandparent" and "grandparent". In the kinship appellation, Jia retains the middle-ancient tongues. The special mountainous terrain and the agricultural production activities in ancient times have formed some typical appellations such as "swinging a pole", "picking a skull", "auntie" and so on. It further highlights the unique characteristics of Sichuan Mandarin kinship appellations under the influence of unique regional characteristics. At the same time, the traditional psychology of male and female superiority is deeply rooted in the countryside, which makes the kinship appellation in Sichuan Mandarin have certain particularity and diversity. For example, the title for the wife is "old woman, householder, baby mother, cooking woman, householder, house guest" and so on, and the husband is called "man, family member, master laborer, doorman" and so on. Influenced by several great waves of emigration, the kinship appellations in Sichuan dialect not only have their own local flavor, but also have the characteristics of Hunan dialect, Jiangxi dialect, Fujian dialect and Hakka dialect. It is reflected in relative appellations such as Bao, the appellation of "Bao" in Sichuan Min dialect, the appellation "elder sister" in Sichuan Hakka dialect, and the appellation "Laobiao", which is used to describe brothers in Sichuan and Jiangxi dialects. The appellation "cub" in Sichuan Xiang dialect. Immigrant culture has created the variety of kinship terms in Sichuan dialect. The complexity and diversity of kinship appellations in Sichuan Mandarin dialect, which will provide important reference for the further study of kinship appellations in Chinese dialects.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H172.3

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本文編號：2339982