【摘要】：介詞結(jié)構(gòu)是現(xiàn)代漢語句法結(jié)構(gòu)中較為常見的一類,而表示處所義的介詞結(jié)構(gòu)又是其中最典型的。它在句子中反映了動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生的場(chǎng)所,是人類對(duì)時(shí)空關(guān)系的認(rèn)知順序在語言中的重要體現(xiàn),因而它的語序問題一直是學(xué)界較為重視的研究熱點(diǎn)。雖然對(duì)處所義介詞結(jié)構(gòu)語序及相關(guān)問題的研究已經(jīng)取得了豐富的成果,但研究的不斷深入和各種新興理論方法的借鑒和使用,仍為這方面研究的持續(xù)發(fā)展開拓了廣闊的前景。本文以標(biāo)記理論為主要方法,從探尋處所義介詞結(jié)構(gòu)和影響它在句中位置的因素之間存在著的不對(duì)稱現(xiàn)象入手,分析這些不對(duì)稱現(xiàn)象背后的標(biāo)記模式以及標(biāo)記功能,并就相關(guān)的影響語序的因素本身作適當(dāng)?shù)难芯俊?首先,本文把認(rèn)知上的時(shí)間順序象似性原則作為影響處所義介詞結(jié)構(gòu)最重要的因素進(jìn)行考察,著眼于位移事件中介詞結(jié)構(gòu)與動(dòng)詞的位置關(guān)系,分析介詞結(jié)構(gòu)表示的動(dòng)作引起物體發(fā)生位移的起點(diǎn)和終點(diǎn)這組對(duì)立的現(xiàn)象,在影響介詞結(jié)構(gòu)和動(dòng)詞位置時(shí)所具有的不對(duì)稱性,并探討其中有標(biāo)記項(xiàng)的標(biāo)記形式和不對(duì)稱性的原因。另外,在表示物體位移終點(diǎn)的范疇里,還存在著未實(shí)現(xiàn)的目標(biāo)和已實(shí)現(xiàn)的目標(biāo)這組對(duì)立現(xiàn)象,它們對(duì)介詞結(jié)構(gòu)語序的影響也帶有不對(duì)稱性。 其次,從動(dòng)詞的語法形式、語義特點(diǎn)出發(fā),探究與之相關(guān)的完句信息、韻律因素、動(dòng)詞語義類別等對(duì)動(dòng)詞與介詞結(jié)構(gòu)組合關(guān)系的影響,其中也不乏不對(duì)稱的現(xiàn)象存在,本文建立并討論有關(guān)動(dòng)詞語法語義與介詞結(jié)構(gòu)之間的標(biāo)記模式,既包括了存在蘊(yùn)含共性的標(biāo)記“相對(duì)模式”,也有體現(xiàn)為四分表形式的標(biāo)記“關(guān)聯(lián)模式”。 最后,再以處所義介詞結(jié)構(gòu)相關(guān)句式為研究對(duì)象,討論賓語是否定指對(duì)這些句式選擇帶有的傾向性、非強(qiáng)制性的影響,這也涉及到了生成句法對(duì)處所義介詞結(jié)構(gòu)有關(guān)句式的底層結(jié)構(gòu)的研究,本文在已有的研究成果基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)這些句式的底層結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了論述。
[Abstract]:Preposition structure is one of the most common syntactic structures in modern Chinese. It reflects the place where action or state occurs in sentences, and it is an important embodiment of human cognitive order in language, so its word order has always been a hot research topic in academic circles. Although the research on the word order of locative preposition structure and related problems has made a lot of achievements, the continuous deepening of the research and the reference and use of various new theories and methods have opened up a broad prospect for the sustainable development of the research in this field. Based on the theory of markers, this paper explores the asymmetry between the structure of locative prepositions and the factors affecting their position in the sentence, and analyzes the marked patterns and the functions of markers behind these asymmetrical phenomena. And the relevant factors affecting the word order itself to do appropriate research. First of all, this paper takes the principle of temporal sequence iconicity as the most important factor to influence the structure of locative preposition, focusing on the position relationship between prepositional structure and verbs in displacement events. This paper analyzes the opposite phenomena of the beginning and end of the object displacement caused by the action of the prepositional structure, and the asymmetry in influencing the prepositional structure and the position of the verb. The paper also discusses the marked form and the reason of asymmetry. In addition, in the category representing the end point of object displacement, there are some opposite phenomena between the unrealized goal and the realized goal, and their influence on the word order of prepositional structure is also asymmetric. Secondly, based on the grammatical form and semantic characteristics of verbs, this paper probes into the influence of sentence completion information, prosodic factors and verb semantic categories on the structure combination of verbs and prepositions, among which there are some asymmetrical phenomena. This paper establishes and discusses the tagging pattern between the grammatical semantics of verbs and the preposition structure, which includes not only the "relative pattern" of the mark which implies the commonness, but also the "associative pattern" of the mark in the form of the quadrilateral table. Finally, taking the sentence structure of the locative preposition as the research object, the author discusses that the negative refers to the tendentiousness and non-mandatory influence on the choice of these sentence patterns. This also involves the research on the underlying structure of the sentence structure related to the locative preposition structure. This paper discusses the underlying structure of these sentence patterns on the basis of the existing research results.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：H146.3

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