【摘要】：被動式屬于主觀性較強的句式，表示說話人對受事主語的移情。但在客觀分析詞語意義和用法的辭書釋義中也往往會用到被動式。這種矛盾對立使得探求辭書釋義語言中被動式使用的動因和句法語義特點變得非常有必要。有標志被動式在現(xiàn)代漢語中是一個非常值得深入研究的結構，不僅因為它出現(xiàn)的環(huán)境十分廣泛，在口語體、書面語體、新聞語體、包括我們即將探討的辭書語體中都可以出現(xiàn)，而且同一結構（有標志被動式）在不同語體中表現(xiàn)出不同的使用規(guī)律。本文旨在通過對《現(xiàn)漢》（第6版）釋義語言中有標志被動式的研究來分析上述問題。 《現(xiàn)代漢語詞典》是我國在辭書理論、編纂水平、編校質量上均達到頂尖水平的現(xiàn)代漢語規(guī)范性詞典。其學術性、權威性、系統(tǒng)性是其它同類型辭書無法比肩的。對《現(xiàn)漢》研究的意義不僅在于認識與了解其優(yōu)勢與些許不足，更在于對詞典編纂研究的深入。目前對《現(xiàn)漢》辭書元語言的研究也很多，對漢語本體中的被動式研究較為充分，但是還缺乏針對《現(xiàn)漢》釋義語言中有標志被動式進行集中系統(tǒng)的分析和考察。 本文將以《現(xiàn)漢》（第6版）這部經(jīng)典辭書作為語料來源，全面研究辭書元語言中有標志被動式，采用統(tǒng)計、分析、對比相結合的方法，對釋義語言中有標志被動式進行系統(tǒng)的描寫分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)辭書語體中使用被動式是和被釋詞語義特征、突顯話題、話題連續(xù)等因素密切相關的；我們還將《現(xiàn)漢》中包含有標志被動式的詞條和被動標志后的結構均作了分類統(tǒng)計，發(fā)現(xiàn)辭書語體中的被動結構和其他語體相似，大部分是抑制施事的。同時，在最后一章我們將把《現(xiàn)漢》（第6版）中含有標志被動式的詞條與第5版中相應的詞條作對比，發(fā)現(xiàn)第6版中有標志被動式較之第5版有所增加，進而得出第6版的釋義語言從語用方面更符合邏輯的結論。 本研究將根據(jù)漢語辭書元語言理論、現(xiàn)代漢語語法、釋義學等理論，從權威的現(xiàn)實材料——《現(xiàn)漢》入手，提取有標志被動式的集合。在前人對不同語體中被動式研究的基礎上進一步拓展，將被動式在《現(xiàn)漢》中相關的句法語義語用問題的真實面貌呈現(xiàn)出來。包括被動式在《現(xiàn)漢》中分布的情況、《現(xiàn)漢》中被動式施事總體傾向于隱藏、謂詞要求施事的意愿性較為客觀等等,與其他語體使用被動式的動因不盡相同，，辭書語體中使用被動式是為了體現(xiàn)被釋詞所具有的被動的語義特征和滿足釋義語言語篇連貫，銜接前后文的要求。通過第6版中的有標志被動式與第5版中的作對比我們發(fā)現(xiàn)第6版的釋義語言更多使用被動式，通過使用被動式來體現(xiàn)被釋詞的語義特征、突出話題、銜接上下語篇，進一步達到釋義語言更貼切更容易理解的目的。
[Abstract]:The passive type is a subjective sentence pattern, which indicates the speaker's empathy to the subject. But passive forms are often used in dictionaries that objectively analyze the meaning and usage of words. This contradiction makes it necessary to explore the motivations and syntactic and semantic characteristics of passive use in lexicographic interpretation. The marked passive form is a structure worthy of further study in modern Chinese, not only because it appears in a very wide range of environments, but also in colloquial style, written style, news style, including the dictionary style that we are about to explore. And the same structure (marked passive) shows different rules of use in different language styles. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the above problems through the study of the marked passive form in the interpretive language of "present Chinese" (6th edition). The Modern Chinese Dictionary is a lexical theory and compilation level in China. Modern Chinese normative dictionaries with the highest quality of editing and correction. Its academic, authoritative, systematic is other similar type of dictionaries can not be compared. The significance of the study lies not only in the understanding and understanding of its advantages and disadvantages, but also in the further study of dictionary compilation. At present, there are a lot of researches on the lexical metalanguage of "present Chinese", and the study of passive form in Chinese ontology is more adequate, but there is still a lack of centralized analysis and investigation on the "sign" passive form in the "present Chinese" interpretation language. In this paper, the classic dictionaries "present Han" (6th edition) will be taken as the source of the corpus, and the marked passive form in the metalanguage of the dictionaries will be studied in an all-round way, and the methods of combining statistics, analysis and comparison will be adopted. Based on the systematic description and analysis of the marked passive form in the interpreted language, it is found that the use of passive form in the lexical style is closely related to the semantic features of the words and expressions being interpreted, highlighting the topic and the continuity of the topic. We also classify the passive and passive structures in present Han, and find that the passive structures in the lexical style are similar to those in other languages, and most of them are restraining agents. At the same time, in the last chapter, we will compare the entries in "present Han" (sixth edition) with the corresponding entries in the fifth edition, and find that there is an increase in the sign passive form in the sixth edition compared with the fifth edition. Then the sixth edition of the interpretation of language from the pragmatic aspects of more logical conclusion. According to the theory of Chinese dictionaries metalanguage, modern Chinese grammar, interpretation and so on, this study will extract the marked passive set from the authoritative realistic material, "Xianhan". On the basis of the previous researches on passive forms in different languages, the real appearance of syntactic and semantic pragmatic problems related to passive forms in present Chinese is presented. Including the distribution of passive form in "present Han", the passive agent in < present Han > tends to hide generally, the predicate requires the willingness of agent to be objective and so on, which is different from the motivation of using passive type in other languages. The passive form is used in the lexical style to reflect the passive semantic features of the interpreted words and to meet the requirements of discourse coherence and cohesion in the paraphrasing language. By comparing the marked passive form in the sixth edition with the one in the fifth edition, we find that the interpretation language of the sixth edition is more passive, and the semantic features of the interpreted words are reflected by the passive type, the topic is highlighted, and the text is connected up and down. Further the purpose of interpreting language is more appropriate and easier to understand.
【學位授予單位】：河北師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H164;H146.3

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