【摘要】：詞匯教學(xué)在實(shí)際對(duì)外教學(xué)中占有重要地位。在漢語(yǔ)詞匯中,雙字合成詞占絕大多數(shù),無(wú)論是在語(yǔ)言學(xué)界、對(duì)外漢語(yǔ)教學(xué)界,還是心理學(xué)界,對(duì)漢語(yǔ)雙字合成詞的加工問(wèn)題都有所研究。目前,語(yǔ)義透明度引起了研究者的興趣,國(guó)內(nèi)外已經(jīng)有不少學(xué)者專家對(duì)語(yǔ)義透明度進(jìn)行研究。然而目前詞義透明度對(duì)于母語(yǔ)為俄語(yǔ)的學(xué)習(xí)者在本國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)詞匯的情況還很少有人調(diào)查研究。以往的調(diào)查研究都是在中國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)的留學(xué)生中進(jìn)行,本文調(diào)查非漢語(yǔ)環(huán)境下母語(yǔ)為俄語(yǔ)學(xué)生的漢語(yǔ)詞匯掌握情況,以此來(lái)分析“詞義透明度”對(duì)俄語(yǔ)區(qū)學(xué)生的漢語(yǔ)雙字復(fù)合詞習(xí)得的影響。 本文在閱讀國(guó)內(nèi)外前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上,通過(guò)語(yǔ)料分析和問(wèn)卷調(diào)查,研究詞義透明度對(duì)母語(yǔ)為俄語(yǔ)的學(xué)生習(xí)得漢語(yǔ)復(fù)合詞有何影響,再根據(jù)其影響因素分別提出解決方案,以期更好地幫助學(xué)生習(xí)得漢語(yǔ)。 語(yǔ)料分析是搜集母語(yǔ)為俄語(yǔ)的學(xué)生的漢語(yǔ)作文來(lái)進(jìn)行。我們統(tǒng)計(jì)分析了60篇作文,其中初、中、高級(jí)漢語(yǔ)水平各20篇,分析目的是學(xué)生對(duì)透明詞和不透明詞的掌握情況。本實(shí)驗(yàn)的語(yǔ)料來(lái)自北京語(yǔ)言大學(xué)HSK動(dòng)態(tài)作文語(yǔ)料庫(kù)俄語(yǔ)為母語(yǔ)的學(xué)生的作文,以及筆者所教的學(xué)生作文。通過(guò)研究我們發(fā)現(xiàn),不同水平學(xué)生對(duì)不同透明度詞語(yǔ)的使用率和正確率不同。透明度低的詞,其正確率隨著漢語(yǔ)水平的提高而提高；透明度高的詞,其正確率隨著學(xué)生漢語(yǔ)水平的提高呈“U”形發(fā)展。對(duì)透明度高的詞語(yǔ),初學(xué)者正確率較高;到中級(jí)水平,正確率反而降低;高級(jí)水平正確率又有所回升。水平高的學(xué)生對(duì)透明度高的詞語(yǔ),使用率高,但偏誤也可能會(huì)增多。影響因素有很多,有來(lái)自學(xué)習(xí)者自身的因素,也與漢語(yǔ)詞匯的特點(diǎn)有關(guān)。 調(diào)查問(wèn)卷部分,發(fā)放30份調(diào)查問(wèn)卷,進(jìn)行紙筆測(cè)試,調(diào)查初級(jí)班、中級(jí)班和高級(jí)班學(xué)生根據(jù)語(yǔ)素義項(xiàng)猜測(cè)詞義的能力。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)不同的詞匯結(jié)構(gòu)也影響其正確率,正確率呈現(xiàn)“聯(lián)合型偏正型動(dòng)賓型”的趨勢(shì)。俄語(yǔ)中動(dòng)賓關(guān)系詞語(yǔ)的幾個(gè)小類都跟漢語(yǔ)有很多相同特點(diǎn),所以最易掌握。在漢語(yǔ)水平等級(jí)詞匯大綱中,偏正結(jié)構(gòu)所占比例最大,而且偏正結(jié)構(gòu)的詞語(yǔ)常常是半透明詞語(yǔ),所以隨著學(xué)生逐漸掌握漢語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞規(guī)律,偏正型結(jié)構(gòu)也比較容易掌握。而聯(lián)合型稍微復(fù)雜,出現(xiàn)了偏義復(fù)詞等情況,學(xué)習(xí)者有時(shí)分不清主要要素,這是學(xué)習(xí)者學(xué)習(xí)的難點(diǎn)。 最后,論文結(jié)合《新實(shí)用漢語(yǔ)課本》和《長(zhǎng)城漢語(yǔ)》這兩種教材討論詞義透明度對(duì)教材編寫和教學(xué)的啟示,希望能有針對(duì)性地幫助漢語(yǔ)詞匯教學(xué)。
[Abstract]:Vocabulary teaching plays an important role in practical foreign teaching. In Chinese vocabulary, double-character compound word is the majority, whether in the field of language, teaching Chinese as a foreign language, or psychology, the processing of Chinese double-character compound word has been studied. At present, semantic transparency has aroused the interest of researchers, and many scholars and experts at home and abroad have carried out research on semantic transparency. However, at present, there are few researches on the transparency of word meaning for native Russian learners to learn Chinese vocabulary in their native language. Previous investigations and studies have been carried out among Chinese students studying abroad. This paper investigates the knowledge of Chinese vocabulary among native Russian students in a non-Chinese environment. In this paper, the author analyzes the influence of "meaning transparency" on the acquisition of Chinese double-character compound words by Russian students. On the basis of reading the previous studies at home and abroad, this paper, by means of corpus analysis and questionnaire survey, studies how the transparency of word meaning affects the acquisition of Chinese compound words by native Russian students, and then puts forward solutions according to their influencing factors. In order to better help students learn Chinese. Corpus analysis is to collect Chinese composition of native Russian students. We analyzed 60 compositions, of which 20 were at the beginning, 20 at the middle level and 20 at the advanced level. The purpose of the analysis was to master the transparent words and the opaque words. The data of this study are from the composition of native Russian students from HSK dynamic composition Corpus of Beijing language and language University and the composition of students taught by the author. Through the study, we find that the usage rate and correct rate of different transparency words are different among different levels of students. The correct rate of the words with low transparency increases with the improvement of the Chinese level, and the correct rate of the words with high transparency develops with the improvement of the students' Chinese proficiency in the form of "U". For the words with high transparency, the correct rate of beginners is higher; at the intermediate level, the correct rate decreases; and the correct rate of advanced level rebounds. High-level students use highly transparent words, but errors may also increase. There are many influential factors, some from the learners themselves, but also related to the characteristics of Chinese vocabulary. In the part of questionnaire, 30 questionnaires were sent out, and the students of junior, intermediate and advanced classes were tested according to morpheme meaning. We find that different lexical structures also influence the accuracy, and the correct rate shows the trend of "combined positive verb-object type". Several subcategories of verb-object relation words in Russian have the same characteristics as Chinese, so they are easy to master. In the outline of Chinese level vocabulary, the proportion of the positive structure is the largest, and the words with the positive structure are often translucent words, so as the students gradually master the rule of Chinese word formation, the biased structure is easier to master. However, the syndication type is a little more complicated, and sometimes the learners can not distinguish the main elements, which is a difficult point for the learners to learn. Finally, the paper discusses the implications of the transparency of word meaning for the compilation and teaching of Chinese vocabulary by combining the New practical Chinese textbook and the Great Wall Chinese textbook, hoping to help the teaching of Chinese vocabulary.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：H195.3

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