漢語委婉語及其對外漢語教學
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-16 07:47
【摘要】：漢語委婉語是漢語詞匯的一個重要組成部分,在日常生活中扮演著十分重要的角色。我們常常發(fā)現(xiàn),在平時進行交際活動時,有些話不方便直說,有些意圖不適宜直接表達,這時候我們所要求的便不再僅僅是表達正確,更重要的是表達得體,在這種情況下選擇說什么話,怎么說話都很有講究。要讓自己的語言在交際中顯得得體、恰當,學習和使用漢語中大量存在的委婉語就顯得尤其重要。 漢語委婉語往往是出于中國人求“雅”的心理,是營造一種寬松和諧的交際環(huán)境的需要,同時它也是中華民族長久以來一些生活禁忌的集中體現(xiàn)。它所使用的范圍十分廣泛,但大多涉及一些有關死亡與殯葬、疾病與傷殘、分泌與排泄、性愛與生育等可能令人產(chǎn)生不悅的語言表達。漢語委婉語也具有很明顯的民族色彩,反映著我國上下五千年悠久燦爛的文化。它的表達往往是間接的,不是其字面意思的簡單累積,而是需要人“思而得之”。同時,我們也要注意漢語委婉語不是一成不變的,它會隨著時間的發(fā)展而發(fā)展,具有十分明顯的時代色彩。漢語委婉語在構成上可使用語音、詞匯、語義、修辭這四種不同的手段來進行。在交際的過程中它往往能起到避諱、禮貌以及緩和交際氛圍的作用。 本文通過對中國和美國3所不同的大學進行問卷調查,發(fā)現(xiàn)即使是具有中高級水平的外國漢語學習者在學習和使用漢語委婉語方面仍然存在著許多問題。例如：無法分辨出句子中的漢語委婉語；不知道漢語委婉語的具體用法,出現(xiàn)過度泛化使用；在理解漢語委婉語的意義方面也容易望文生義等等。究其原因,這和漢語委婉語自身的復雜性；當前對外漢語教材中涉及的漢語委婉語內容過少,講解也過于簡單；以及留學生的跨文化背景是分不開的。 本文在之前學者們研究的基礎之上,提出要從教材編寫、中國文化講解、課后練習設計等方面進行改進,特別是要幫助留學生建立漢語委婉語使用的典型語境從而來更好地解決教學中所存在的問題,讓留學生對漢語委婉語有更加全面和準確的認識,提高其使用的頻率和正確率,最終使他們能夠更好地運用漢語來進行交際。
[Abstract]:Chinese euphemism is an important part of Chinese vocabulary and plays an important role in daily life. We often find that some words are inconvenient to say and some intentions are not suitable for direct expression when we usually engage in social activities, and what we ask for is not only the right expression, but more importantly the appropriateness of the expression. In this case, the choice of what to say, how to speak is very fastidious. In order to make one's language appropriate and appropriate in communication, it is particularly important to learn and use euphemism in Chinese. Chinese euphemism is often out of the Chinese mentality of seeking "elegance" and the need to create a relaxed and harmonious communication environment. It is also a concentrated embodiment of some taboos in the life of the Chinese nation for a long time. It has a wide range of uses, but mostly involves language expressions related to death and burial, illness and disability, secretion and excretion, sex and fertility, etc. Chinese euphemism also has a distinct national color, reflecting five thousand years of glorious Chinese culture. Its expression is often indirect, not the simple accumulation of its literal meaning, but the need for people to "think and get it." At the same time, we should also pay attention to the Chinese euphemism is not fixed, it will develop with the development of time, with a very obvious color of the times. Chinese euphemism can be constructed by four different means: phonetic, lexical, semantic and rhetorical. In the process of communication, it can play a taboo, politeness and ease the communication atmosphere. Through a questionnaire survey of three different universities in China and the United States, it is found that there are still many problems in learning and using Chinese euphemism among foreign Chinese learners with intermediate and advanced level. For example: unable to distinguish the Chinese euphemism in the sentence; do not know the specific usage of Chinese euphemism, appear overgeneralization use; in understanding the meaning of Chinese euphemism is also easy to understand the meaning of Chinese euphemism and so on. The reason is that Chinese euphemism itself is complicated; the content of Chinese euphemism is too little and the explanation is too simple; and the cross-cultural background of foreign students is inseparable. On the basis of previous studies by scholars, this paper proposes to improve on the compilation of textbooks, the explanation of Chinese culture, the design of exercises after class, and so on. In particular, it is necessary to help foreign students to establish a typical context for the use of Chinese euphemism in order to better solve the problems existing in teaching, so that international students can have a more comprehensive and accurate understanding of Chinese euphemism, and improve the frequency and accuracy of its use. In the end, it will enable them to use Chinese better to communicate with each other.
【學位授予單位】：陜西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H195
本文編號：2185354
[Abstract]:Chinese euphemism is an important part of Chinese vocabulary and plays an important role in daily life. We often find that some words are inconvenient to say and some intentions are not suitable for direct expression when we usually engage in social activities, and what we ask for is not only the right expression, but more importantly the appropriateness of the expression. In this case, the choice of what to say, how to speak is very fastidious. In order to make one's language appropriate and appropriate in communication, it is particularly important to learn and use euphemism in Chinese. Chinese euphemism is often out of the Chinese mentality of seeking "elegance" and the need to create a relaxed and harmonious communication environment. It is also a concentrated embodiment of some taboos in the life of the Chinese nation for a long time. It has a wide range of uses, but mostly involves language expressions related to death and burial, illness and disability, secretion and excretion, sex and fertility, etc. Chinese euphemism also has a distinct national color, reflecting five thousand years of glorious Chinese culture. Its expression is often indirect, not the simple accumulation of its literal meaning, but the need for people to "think and get it." At the same time, we should also pay attention to the Chinese euphemism is not fixed, it will develop with the development of time, with a very obvious color of the times. Chinese euphemism can be constructed by four different means: phonetic, lexical, semantic and rhetorical. In the process of communication, it can play a taboo, politeness and ease the communication atmosphere. Through a questionnaire survey of three different universities in China and the United States, it is found that there are still many problems in learning and using Chinese euphemism among foreign Chinese learners with intermediate and advanced level. For example: unable to distinguish the Chinese euphemism in the sentence; do not know the specific usage of Chinese euphemism, appear overgeneralization use; in understanding the meaning of Chinese euphemism is also easy to understand the meaning of Chinese euphemism and so on. The reason is that Chinese euphemism itself is complicated; the content of Chinese euphemism is too little and the explanation is too simple; and the cross-cultural background of foreign students is inseparable. On the basis of previous studies by scholars, this paper proposes to improve on the compilation of textbooks, the explanation of Chinese culture, the design of exercises after class, and so on. In particular, it is necessary to help foreign students to establish a typical context for the use of Chinese euphemism in order to better solve the problems existing in teaching, so that international students can have a more comprehensive and accurate understanding of Chinese euphemism, and improve the frequency and accuracy of its use. In the end, it will enable them to use Chinese better to communicate with each other.
【學位授予單位】：陜西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H195
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