【摘要】：“有什么X(的)?”是反問(wèn)構(gòu)式,本文立足語(yǔ)言事實(shí),從構(gòu)式語(yǔ)法的角度對(duì)“有什么X(的)?”構(gòu)式進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的考察,在確立其構(gòu)式地位的基礎(chǔ)上,分析該構(gòu)式的句法、語(yǔ)義、語(yǔ)用特征,歸納構(gòu)式義,并追溯其歷時(shí)發(fā)展。 首先從“有什么X(的)”來(lái)源入手,本文認(rèn)為“有什么X(的)”為動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu),“有”是動(dòng)詞,“什么X(的)”是其賓語(yǔ)�！暗摹睘榻Y(jié)構(gòu)助詞,“什么”作定語(yǔ),修飾“X(的)”。再根據(jù)X的詞性分類(lèi)詳細(xì)描寫(xiě)“有什么x(的)?”構(gòu)式的特征,并描寫(xiě)構(gòu)式中常出現(xiàn)的附加成分。X以名詞,特別是抽象名詞居多；如果是謂詞性成分,后面需要結(jié)構(gòu)助詞“的”將其名詞化�！坝惺裁磝(的)?”在句中主要作謂語(yǔ),有時(shí)作謂語(yǔ)的一部分。文章還分析了“有什么x(的)?”構(gòu)式的主語(yǔ)。 本文從構(gòu)式的出現(xiàn)早晚、數(shù)量和成熟度角度,得出“有什么X(的)?”構(gòu)式的原型是“有什么可/好/值得VP(的)?”。該構(gòu)式的中心義為“不要X了”。構(gòu)式與其內(nèi)部的成分有互動(dòng)關(guān)系。構(gòu)式將對(duì)進(jìn)入其中的AP、VP有選擇性。能夠進(jìn)入該構(gòu)式的形容詞只有性質(zhì)形容詞,而動(dòng)詞中的能愿動(dòng)詞和判斷動(dòng)詞只能形成“有+什么+不+動(dòng)詞(的)?”。同時(shí),不同類(lèi)型的VP、AP、NP對(duì)構(gòu)式義會(huì)產(chǎn)生影響�！坝惺裁碭(的)?”構(gòu)式的使用語(yǔ)境主要有兩種：構(gòu)式中的“X”直接引述前者言語(yǔ)中的某個(gè)詞；前文中沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)后文中的“X”。該構(gòu)式的焦點(diǎn)根據(jù)說(shuō)話者的個(gè)人態(tài)度和情感,落在“什么”外的詞上�！坝惺裁碭(的)?”構(gòu)式的語(yǔ)用動(dòng)因是為了彰顯感情色彩。 “有什么X(的)?”構(gòu)式來(lái)自古代漢語(yǔ)的“何……之有”句式。春秋時(shí),“何X之有”為主要表現(xiàn)形式,至唐五代,句法結(jié)構(gòu)完成了向“有何／什么X?”的轉(zhuǎn)換�！坝惺裁碭(的)?”在宋代成為主要的書(shū)寫(xiě)形式�！坝惺裁碭(的)?”構(gòu)式在歷史發(fā)展中經(jīng)歷了一個(gè)從無(wú)到有、由少到多的過(guò)程。該構(gòu)式的句法結(jié)構(gòu)不斷復(fù)雜化,明清時(shí)已相當(dāng)完善。
[Abstract]:"what's the X?" It is a reflexive construction, this article bases on the language fact, from the construction grammar angle, "what is the X?" On the basis of the establishment of its construction status, this paper analyzes the syntactic, semantic, pragmatic characteristics, inductive construction meaning of the construction, and traces its diachronic development. Starting from the source of "what X", this paper holds that "what X" is a verb-object structure, "you" is a verb, and "what X" is its object. "what" is an attributive and modifies "X". Then according to the classification of the part of speech of X detailed description, "what is the x (of)?" The features of the construction and the description of the additional elements. X, which often appear in the construction, are mostly nouns, especially abstract nouns; if they are part of speech, they need to be "nominalized" by the structural auxiliary. "what's the x?" In a sentence it is mainly used as a predicate and sometimes as a part of it. The article also analyzes "what is the x?" The subject of a construction. In this paper, from the point of view of the appearance, quantity and maturity of the construction, we get the conclusion: "what is X?" The prototype of the construction is "what is there / good / worth VP?" The central meaning of the construction is "Don't X". The structure interacts with its internal components. The structure will be selective for APVPs entering them. The adjectives that can enter the construction are only qualitative adjectives, while the willing verbs and the judging verbs in the verbs can only form "what are not verbs?" At the same time, different types of VP- APNP have an effect on the construction meaning. "what's the X?" There are two main contexts for the use of construction: "X" in the construction refers directly to a word in the former language, and "X" in the following text does not appear in the preceding text. The focus of the construction is on the word "what" according to the speaker's personal attitude and emotion. "what's the X?" The pragmatic motivation of construction is to highlight the emotional color. "what's the X?" The construction of "he" comes from ancient Chinese. There is a sentence pattern. In the Spring and Autumn period, "he X you" was the main form of expression. By the Tang and five dynasties, the syntactic structure had been completed to "what / what Xs?" Conversion. "what's the X?" In the Song Dynasty, it became the main form of writing. "what's the X?" Construction has experienced a process from scratch to existence, from less to more in the historical development. The syntactic structure of the construction was complicated and was quite perfect in Ming and Qing dynasties.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：H146

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