【摘要】：語(yǔ)言是文化的一部分,文化教學(xué)對(duì)于語(yǔ)言教學(xué)是非常有必要的。同樣,對(duì)外漢語(yǔ)教學(xué)也離不開文化教學(xué)。張占一從功能的角度將對(duì)外漢語(yǔ)中文化因素分為知識(shí)文化與交際文化。知識(shí)文化是指在兩種文化背景中的人交際時(shí)不會(huì)影響信息傳遞的一種文化,交際文化則是指兩種文化背景的人交流時(shí)影響信息傳遞的一種文化,包含語(yǔ)言交際文化和非語(yǔ)言交際文化。語(yǔ)言交際文化又包含兩項(xiàng),即語(yǔ)義文化和語(yǔ)用文化。本文以以語(yǔ)言為綱的對(duì)外漢語(yǔ)教材和專門的文化教材的語(yǔ)料為依托,調(diào)查了知識(shí)文化與交際文化在呈現(xiàn)在教材中的具體文化項(xiàng)目和導(dǎo)入方式。在此基礎(chǔ)上闡釋了文化教學(xué)的教學(xué)原則,針對(duì)知識(shí)文化和交際文化不同的特點(diǎn)做了不同方法教學(xué)方法的應(yīng)用和示例。主要如下:知識(shí)文化使用的課堂內(nèi)的教學(xué)方法包括講授法、討論法、演示法等方法。適用的課堂外的教學(xué)方法包括實(shí)踐法等方法。語(yǔ)用文化適用的課堂內(nèi)的教學(xué)方法包括情境交際法、文化異同比較法等方法。適用的課堂外的教學(xué)方法包括發(fā)現(xiàn)法、表演法等方法。語(yǔ)義文化詞匯與一般詞匯教學(xué)的不同,本文同樣探討了語(yǔ)義文化詞匯在教學(xué)中的注意事項(xiàng),包含英文注釋與實(shí)際意義不等的現(xiàn)象、按照《漢語(yǔ)水平詞匯與等級(jí)大綱》給生詞表中的文化詞匯進(jìn)行等級(jí)分類以及特殊結(jié)構(gòu)詞語(yǔ)的教學(xué)注意事項(xiàng)等方面的內(nèi)容。因此,本文對(duì)于了解知識(shí)文化與交際文化在對(duì)外漢語(yǔ)教學(xué)中的導(dǎo)入情況以及采用如何種原則和何種教學(xué)方法教授知識(shí)文化與交際文化有一定的借鑒意義。
[Abstract]:Language is a part of culture, culture teaching is very necessary for language teaching. Similarly, teaching Chinese as a foreign language can not be separated from cultural teaching. Zhang Zhanyi divides cultural factors into knowledge culture and communicative culture from the perspective of function. Knowledge culture is a kind of culture in which people in two cultural backgrounds do not affect the transmission of information in communication, and communication culture refers to a culture that affects information transmission when people from two cultural backgrounds communicate. It includes language communication culture and non-verbal communication culture. Language communication culture includes two aspects: semantic culture and pragmatic culture. Based on the corpus of Chinese as a second language teaching material and special cultural teaching material, this paper investigates the specific cultural items and ways of introducing knowledge culture and communicative culture in the teaching material. On this basis, the teaching principles of culture teaching are explained, and the application and examples of different teaching methods are made according to the different characteristics of knowledge culture and communicative culture. The main contents are as follows: the teaching methods used in knowledge culture include teaching method, discussion method, demonstration method and so on. The applicable teaching methods outside the classroom include the practical method and so on. The teaching methods of pragmatic culture include situational communication, cultural differences and similarities. Applicable outside classroom teaching methods include discovery method, performance method and so on. This paper also discusses the matters needing attention in the teaching of semantic cultural vocabulary, including the phenomenon of English annotation and actual meaning. According to the outline of Chinese level Vocabulary and Grade, the cultural vocabulary in the list of new words is classified into different levels, and the matters needing attention in the teaching of words with special structure are also discussed. Therefore, this paper has some reference significance for understanding the introduction of knowledge culture and communicative culture in teaching Chinese as a foreign language, and how to teach knowledge culture and communication culture according to the principles and teaching methods.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：H195

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