本文選題：《國(guó)語(yǔ)》 + 成語(yǔ)��； 參考：《復(fù)旦大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：專(zhuān)書(shū)成語(yǔ)研究是成語(yǔ)研究的基礎(chǔ),也是漢語(yǔ)詞匯研究的重要一環(huán)。本文選取先秦典籍《國(guó)語(yǔ)》,窮盡性地爬梳了其中已定型的,以及雖未定型、但源于該書(shū)的一百條成語(yǔ),從以下五個(gè)方面對(duì)其進(jìn)行了較為系統(tǒng)的研究： 第一,研究綜述。簡(jiǎn)述《國(guó)語(yǔ)》一書(shū)的研究歷史和研究現(xiàn)狀；梳理了近百年間國(guó)內(nèi)成語(yǔ)研究的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r,分四個(gè)階段總結(jié)了各階段的研究特點(diǎn)、趨勢(shì)、重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域,并對(duì)其代表人物和著作進(jìn)行述評(píng)。 第二,《國(guó)語(yǔ)》成語(yǔ)的概況。考察了《國(guó)語(yǔ)》成語(yǔ)的來(lái)源,按出處列出成語(yǔ)條目和所在章節(jié),并進(jìn)行數(shù)量統(tǒng)計(jì)；指出成語(yǔ)在《國(guó)語(yǔ)》一書(shū)中的分布情況。歸納出后世加工改造《國(guó)語(yǔ)》語(yǔ)句形成成語(yǔ)的方式,即截取語(yǔ)句、概括文義、更換語(yǔ)素和節(jié)縮語(yǔ)句四種類(lèi)型。 第三,《國(guó)語(yǔ)》成語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)和句法功能。將《國(guó)語(yǔ)》成語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)分為聯(lián)合式、非聯(lián)合式和緊縮復(fù)句式三個(gè)大類(lèi),其中,又劃分出雙述賓聯(lián)合式、雙主謂聯(lián)合式式等二十個(gè)子類(lèi)。采用定量與定性分析相結(jié)合的方法,窮盡性地考察每一類(lèi)型中所有成語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法性質(zhì)與句法功能,得出了如下結(jié)論：《國(guó)語(yǔ)》成語(yǔ)從大類(lèi)看,非聯(lián)合式的成語(yǔ)數(shù)量最多；從子類(lèi)看,主謂非聯(lián)合式的成語(yǔ)數(shù)量最多；從各子類(lèi)成語(yǔ)與其所在大類(lèi)的成語(yǔ)數(shù)量關(guān)系來(lái)看,聯(lián)合式中的雙述賓式成語(yǔ)、非聯(lián)合式中的主謂式成語(yǔ)、緊縮復(fù)句式中的轉(zhuǎn)折式成語(yǔ)在各大類(lèi)中占比最重；從定型與未定型成語(yǔ)的層面來(lái)看,定型成語(yǔ)占有絕對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì),且主謂非聯(lián)合式成語(yǔ)中的定型成語(yǔ)數(shù)量最多；從各結(jié)構(gòu)類(lèi)型成語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法性質(zhì)和句法功能看,除了呈現(xiàn)體詞性的兩個(gè)小類(lèi)和語(yǔ)法性質(zhì)較為復(fù)雜的三個(gè)小類(lèi)外,《國(guó)語(yǔ)》成語(yǔ)整體上呈現(xiàn)謂詞性,在句中多充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)。其中,聯(lián)合式中的雙主謂式、雙定中式,非聯(lián)合式中的狀中式、兼語(yǔ)式、述賓式、主謂式,以及緊縮復(fù)句式中的讓步式又多獨(dú)立成句。 第四,《國(guó)語(yǔ)》成語(yǔ)的演變研究。以《國(guó)語(yǔ)》成語(yǔ)為例論述成語(yǔ)的演變機(jī)制,將其分為語(yǔ)義變遷、適用范圍的變化、色彩變化、形態(tài)變化、語(yǔ)法性質(zhì)和功能的變化、“詞匯化”六種類(lèi)型。對(duì)成語(yǔ)“丹楹刻桷”、“高高下下”、“不可方物”、“旅進(jìn)旅退”、“內(nèi)憂外患”、“豁壑無(wú)厭”、“欲壑難填”進(jìn)行了個(gè)案分析,考察了其形成與演變的路徑。 第五,辭書(shū)失收成語(yǔ)舉隅。選取在綜述中論及的《中國(guó)成語(yǔ)大辭典》、《漢語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)大辭典》、《漢語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)考釋詞典》、《漢語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)辭�！泛汀稘h語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)大全》這五本較通行的成語(yǔ)詞典作為參照,舉出這五本成語(yǔ)詞典均未收錄的十三條成語(yǔ),對(duì)其進(jìn)行語(yǔ)料搜集、源流追溯、語(yǔ)義考釋和異體比較。
[Abstract]:The study of idioms is not only the basis of idiom research, but also an important part of the study of Chinese vocabulary. This article selects the pre-Qin classical book, "Mandarin language", crawls and combs the already finalized, as well as has not finalized, but derives from the book 100 idioms, has carried on the more systematic research from the following five aspects: first, the article has carried on the comparatively systematic research from the following five aspects: first, although has not finalized, has carried on the more systematic research from the following five aspects. Summary of research. This paper briefly introduces the history and present situation of the research of Guoyu, combs the development of idiom research in China in the past 100 years, and summarizes the characteristics, trends and key areas of the research in four stages. And to its representative personage and the work carries on the commentary. Second, the general situation of idioms. This paper investigates the source of idioms in Mandarin, lists the items and chapters of idioms according to their provenances, and makes quantitative statistics, and points out the distribution of idioms in Guoyu. This paper sums up four types of idiom formation: intercepting sentence, generalizing the meaning of the sentence, replacing the morpheme and reducing the sentence. Thirdly, the structure and syntactic function of idioms. The structure of idioms in Mandarin is divided into three categories: associative, unassociative and constrictive complex sentence types. Among them, there are 20 subcategories, such as the combined type of double statement and object, the joint type of double subject and predicate, and so on. By combining quantitative analysis with qualitative analysis, the grammatical properties and syntactic functions of all idioms in each type are investigated in an exhaustive manner. The following conclusions are drawn: the number of uncombined idioms is the largest in large categories; From the perspective of subcategory, the number of subject-predicate unassociative idioms is the most, and from the relationship between each subclass idiom and its large category of idioms, it can be seen that the double-predicate idioms in the associative form and the subject-predicate idioms in the non-associative forms, From the perspective of stereotype and unstereotyped idiom, stereotype idioms have the absolute advantage, and the number of stereotyped idioms is the largest in the subject-predicate unUnited idioms. From the perspective of the grammatical properties and syntactic functions of idioms of various structural types, in addition to the two subcategories of part of speech and the three subcategories with more complicated grammatical properties, the idioms of "Guoyu" as a whole present predicates and often act as predicates in sentences. Among them, double subject-predicate, double definite Chinese, non-associative Chinese, double-object, subject-predicate, and conceding in constrictive complex are independent sentences. Fourth, the study of the evolution of idioms. Taking the idiom of Guoyu as an example, this paper discusses the evolution mechanism of idiom, and divides it into six types: semantic change, change of applicable scope, change of color, change of form, change of grammatical nature and function, and "lexicalization". This paper makes a case study of the idioms "Dan couplets", "high and down", "not square things", "travel in and out", "internal and external troubles", "exclusion of beggars and woes", "filled with lust", and examines its formation and evolution path. Fifth, dictionaries have lost their idioms. Five more popular dictionaries of Chinese idioms, such as the Great Dictionary of Chinese idioms, the Dictionary of textual Research on Chinese idioms, the Sea of Chinese idioms and the Bibliography of Chinese idioms, are selected as references. This paper lists 13 idioms which are not included in these five idioms dictionaries, and carries on the corpus collection, the origin tracing, the semantic textual research and the allogeneic comparison.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：H131

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