本文選題：古文《尚書(shū)》 + 復(fù)合詞��； 參考：《揚(yáng)州大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：今傳本孔穎達(dá)注疏的《尚書(shū)》,其中二十五篇是伏生所傳今文本中沒(méi)有的,稱為古文《尚書(shū)》,亦作“晚書(shū)”。閻若璩一派認(rèn)定古文《尚書(shū)》為“偽作”,但也有學(xué)者諸如毛奇齡等為其正名,或持謹(jǐn)慎保留的態(tài)度。作為研究《尚書(shū)》的重要一部分,“晚書(shū)”二十五篇即使不是真正的孔壁古文,其在思想史、語(yǔ)言學(xué)史、歷史學(xué)史等方面仍具有極其珍貴的學(xué)術(shù)價(jià)值。本文以復(fù)合詞作為研究古文《尚書(shū)》語(yǔ)言的著手點(diǎn),進(jìn)行今古文《尚書(shū)》復(fù)合詞的對(duì)比研究,力求展示古文《尚書(shū)》時(shí)期復(fù)合詞的面貌及其特點(diǎn)。本文主要分為兩個(gè)部分,第一部分為緒論。從古文《尚書(shū)》及其研究?jī)r(jià)值、《尚書(shū)》復(fù)合詞研究現(xiàn)狀、古文《尚書(shū)》復(fù)合詞判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)三個(gè)方面展開(kāi)論述。古文《尚書(shū)》本身具有重要的研究?jī)r(jià)值,即使其不是真正的孔壁古文,但在史料的輯佚、華夏民族思想本源的探尋、語(yǔ)言學(xué)史的研究等方面仍具有重要意義。然而學(xué)界對(duì)《尚書(shū)》復(fù)合詞研究基本局限于今文《尚書(shū)》,古文《尚書(shū)》復(fù)合詞至今未見(jiàn)專書(shū)、專文探討,本文著力彌補(bǔ)這一缺陷,并嘗試進(jìn)行今古文《尚書(shū)》復(fù)合詞的對(duì)比研究。本文復(fù)合詞的判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在借鑒前人關(guān)于復(fù)合詞界定觀點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合古文《尚書(shū)》的語(yǔ)境,以意義、語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和修辭標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為主,輔以見(jiàn)次頻率、句法結(jié)構(gòu)等標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。第二部分為本論,共分為五章。第一章為古文《尚書(shū)》并列式復(fù)合詞研究。從語(yǔ)義角度,對(duì)121個(gè)并列式復(fù)合詞進(jìn)行分類(lèi)描寫(xiě),分為三大類(lèi)：同義聯(lián)合、反義聯(lián)合、相關(guān)聯(lián)合,并就語(yǔ)素義和語(yǔ)義間的關(guān)系進(jìn)行了類(lèi)型劃分：并合型、綜合型、化合型。從詞性角度,將構(gòu)成復(fù)合詞的兩個(gè)語(yǔ)素A、B與復(fù)合詞AB相較,得出結(jié)合前后語(yǔ)法性質(zhì)相同的為多數(shù),但也存在不一致的結(jié)論。這一時(shí)期并列式復(fù)合詞特點(diǎn)主要表現(xiàn)為：構(gòu)詞方式的多樣化、詞義的豐富化以及詞序的穩(wěn)定化。第二章為古文《尚書(shū)》偏正式復(fù)合詞研究。從語(yǔ)義角度,將192個(gè)偏正式復(fù)合詞進(jìn)行歸納,分為三類(lèi)：第一類(lèi)正語(yǔ)素是關(guān)于人或事物：第二類(lèi)正語(yǔ)素是關(guān)于動(dòng)作、行為；第三類(lèi)正語(yǔ)素關(guān)于性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)。從詞性角度,對(duì)古文《尚書(shū)》偏正式復(fù)合詞研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)較今文《尚書(shū)》,名詞的比例有了明顯減少,形容詞和動(dòng)詞有了明顯的提高,這是伴隨人類(lèi)認(rèn)知力的提高,迫切要求語(yǔ)言表達(dá)多樣化的直觀體現(xiàn)。這一時(shí)期偏正式復(fù)合詞特點(diǎn)主要表現(xiàn)為：偏正語(yǔ)素結(jié)合關(guān)系復(fù)雜化以及詞性結(jié)構(gòu)方式的多樣化。第三章為古文《尚書(shū)》其他結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)合詞研究。動(dòng)賓式共31例,先秦時(shí)期,動(dòng)賓式多限于官名,在古文《尚書(shū)》則擴(kuò)大到諸如“御事、成功、作書(shū)、班師”等一般的名詞、動(dòng)詞。主謂式2例：“自滿”“自盡”,“自”構(gòu)成的主謂式復(fù)合詞,其強(qiáng)大的構(gòu)詞能力在古文《尚書(shū)》中可見(jiàn)端倪。動(dòng)補(bǔ)式2例,是能產(chǎn)力較弱的構(gòu)詞方式。第四章為古文《尚書(shū)》復(fù)合詞成因研究。古文《尚書(shū)》復(fù)合詞較今文在數(shù)量和種類(lèi)上都有了明顯的變化,究其原因,本文主要?dú)w為以下三個(gè)方面：一、精確表義的需要；二、結(jié)構(gòu)緊縮的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展；三、語(yǔ)流節(jié)拍和連文見(jiàn)義的需要。第五章為今古文《尚書(shū)》復(fù)合詞對(duì)比研究。通過(guò)對(duì)今古文《尚書(shū)》復(fù)合詞的構(gòu)成和詞性對(duì)比,發(fā)現(xiàn)：就詞的構(gòu)成而言,古文《尚書(shū)》復(fù)合詞的構(gòu)詞方式較今文《尚書(shū)》有了進(jìn)一步的豐富和發(fā)展,多種結(jié)構(gòu)類(lèi)型呈現(xiàn)積極增長(zhǎng)的態(tài)勢(shì)；就詞性而言,古文《尚書(shū)》名詞性復(fù)合詞比例有所下降,形容詞性和動(dòng)詞性復(fù)合詞比例都呈上升趨勢(shì),并且古文《尚書(shū)》各詞類(lèi)來(lái)源較今文更為豐富、均衡,呈現(xiàn)出詞類(lèi)來(lái)源的多樣性和均衡性。本文通過(guò)對(duì)古文《尚書(shū)》復(fù)合詞進(jìn)行窮盡性的統(tǒng)計(jì)、分析,并進(jìn)行與今文《尚書(shū)》復(fù)合詞的對(duì)比研究,希望引起對(duì)古文《尚書(shū)》研究應(yīng)有的重視,并為漢語(yǔ)詞匯史的發(fā)展研究提供一些語(yǔ)料和參考。
[Abstract]:This is the book of Kong Yingda's annotation of the present book, twenty-five of which are not in the present text of Fu Sheng. It is called the ancient text "the Shang book" and the "late book". In the late book, the twenty-five articles, even if not the true orifice, still have extremely valuable academic values in the history of thought, linguistics and history. This article is divided into two parts. The first part is the introduction. From the ancient prose, the book and its research value, the research status of the compound word in Shang Shu, the ancient text < Shang > compound word judgment standard three aspects. The ancient text < Shang shu > is of important research value, even if it is not the true orifice ancient text, but in historical material The study of the origin of the Chinese national thought and the study of the history of linguistics still has important significance. However, the study of the "Shang Shu" compound words in the academic circles is basically limited to the present book. In this paper, the judgment standard of the compound words is based on the predecessors' views on the definition of compound words, combining the context of ancient literature, the context of Shang Shu, the meaning, the grammatical structure and the rhetorical standard, and the standard of the secondary frequency and the syntactic structure. The second part is divided into five chapters. The first chapter is the study of the paratactic compound words of the ancient text < Shang >. From the semantic point of view, 121 paratactic compound words are classified and divided into three categories: synonymy, antisense and correlation, and the relationship between morpheme meaning and semantic relationship is divided into two types: combined type, comprehensive type and combination type. From the part of speech, the two morphemes, A, B and compound word AB, are compared. The same grammatical nature is the same as the majority, but there are also inconsistent conclusions. The characteristics of the parallel compound words in this period are mainly characterized by the diversification of word formation, the enrichment of word meaning and the stabilization of the word order. The second chapter is the study of the formal compound words in the ancient text "Shang shu >". From the semantic point of view, the 192 partial compound words are summed up and divided into two parts. The three category: the first type of positive morpheme is about people or things: the second class of positive morphemes is about action, behavior, and behavior; the third types of positive morphemes are related to the nature and state. From the part of the word, the study of the ancient text < Shang > more formal compound words, found that the proportion of nouns has decreased obviously compared with the present book, and the adjectives and verbs have improved obviously, this is the companion. With the improvement of human cognition, there is an urgent demand for the visual expression of the diversity of language expression. The characteristics of the formal compound words in this period are mainly manifested in the complexity of the combination of the positive morphemes and the diversification of the way of the word structure. The third chapter is the study of the compound words of the ancient prose "Shang shu >", the 31 cases of the verb object type, the pre Qin period, the verb object type Limited to the official name, in the ancient text < Shang >, it has expanded to such general terms as "Royal, success, book, class teacher" and other general terms, verbs, 2 cases of subject predicate form: "complacent", "self exhausted" and "self" composed of subject predicate compound words, its powerful word formation ability is visible in the ancient text < Shang shu >. The verb complement is a weak productive word formation. Fourth chapters. For the study of the formation of the compound words of the ancient text, "Shang shu >", there are obvious changes in the number and type of the ancient text < Shang >. The main reasons are the following three aspects: first, the need for precise meaning; two, the further development of the structural contraction; three, the rhythm of the language and the need for the article to see the meaning of the text. The fifth chapter is the ancient prose < According to the composition and comparison of the compound words of the ancient Chinese prose, it is found that the composition of the words is more abundant and developed than the present book. The proportion of the adjectives and the verb compound words is on the rise, and the ancient text < Shang shu > is more abundant and balanced. It shows the diversity and balance of the source of words. The comparative study hopes to arouse attention in the study of ancient texts and provide some corpus and reference for the development of the history of Chinese lexicon.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：揚(yáng)州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：H14

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