本文選題：蒙古語 + “向位格”��； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：漢語和蒙古語的語系不同，語法結(jié)構(gòu)也不同。蒙古語屬于阿爾泰語系，在蒙古語中存在大量的黏著語，而漢語屬于漢藏語系，漢字本身就具有語義和語音兩種功能。這就導(dǎo)致蒙漢兩種語言的句子構(gòu)成上存在很大的區(qū)別，漢語主要是由動(dòng)詞、名詞、副詞等詞類組成的語法結(jié)構(gòu)，而蒙古語主要是由“格”組成語法結(jié)構(gòu)。蒙古語的語序結(jié)構(gòu)是：定語——主語——狀語——賓語——謂語，而漢語的語序結(jié)構(gòu)是：主語——狀語——謂語——定語——賓語。可見，兩者的差別極大。漢語中的介詞能夠在蒙古語里用“格”表示，但是蒙古語中的“格”卻與現(xiàn)代漢語的介詞存在很多不同之處。因此，蒙古留學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)漢語時(shí)很難運(yùn)用介詞；同樣，中國學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)蒙古語“格”時(shí)也很難對其全面掌握。筆者作為一名蒙古留學(xué)生，在學(xué)習(xí)漢語的初級(jí)階段，常出現(xiàn)漢語介詞的使用偏誤，因此，筆者從留學(xué)生的角度出發(fā)，給出了蒙古留學(xué)生正確掌握現(xiàn)代漢語介詞的教學(xué)對策與建議，并以蒙古語的“格”在漢語中的表達(dá)作為研究主題，，分析了蒙古語中“格”與現(xiàn)代漢語介詞存在的異同點(diǎn)，擬對學(xué)習(xí)漢語的蒙古學(xué)生和學(xué)習(xí)蒙語的中國學(xué)生提供有效的學(xué)習(xí)技巧。 本文基于對蒙古語的“格”以及漢語介詞的語義、語法特征的研究，對蒙古語的“格”與漢語介詞進(jìn)行了對比，并且以蒙古語中的“向位格”與漢語中的介詞“在”和“給”為具體例子，進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的比較分析，總結(jié)出了蒙古語“格”與漢語介詞的異同之處，在此基礎(chǔ)之上，從自身學(xué)習(xí)漢語介詞的經(jīng)驗(yàn)的角度出發(fā)，提出了蒙古留學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)漢語介詞的教學(xué)方法與建議。
[Abstract]:Chinese and Mongolian have different language families and different grammatical structures. Mongolian belongs to the Altaic language family, and there are a large number of adherent languages in Mongolian, while Chinese belongs to Chinese and Tibetan languages, and Chinese characters have semantic and phonetic functions. As a result, there is a great difference in sentence composition between Mongolian and Chinese languages. Chinese mainly consists of verbs, nouns, adverbs and other parts of speech, while Mongolian mainly consists of "case" grammatical structure. The word order structure of Mongolian is attribute-subject-adverbial-object-predicate, while the word order structure of Chinese is: subject-adverbial-predicate-attribute-object. It can be seen that the two are very different. The prepositions in Chinese can be expressed as "cases" in Mongolian, but there are many differences between the prepositions in Mongolian and modern Chinese. Therefore, it is difficult for Mongolian students to use prepositions in learning Chinese, and it is also difficult for Chinese students to master them. As a Mongolian student, in the initial stage of learning Chinese, there are often errors in the use of Chinese prepositions. Therefore, from the perspective of foreign students, the author starts from the perspective of foreign students. This paper puts forward the teaching countermeasures and suggestions for Mongolian students to master the prepositions in modern Chinese correctly, and analyzes the similarities and differences between the "case" in Mongolian and the prepositions in modern Chinese, taking the expression of "case" in Mongolian as the research topic. To provide effective learning skills for Mongolian students learning Chinese and Chinese students learning Mongolian language. Based on the study of the case of Mongolian and the semantic and grammatical features of Chinese prepositions, this paper makes a comparison between the case of Mongolian and Chinese prepositions. And taking the specific examples of the Mongolian and Chinese prepositions "Zaihe" and "Zengzi", this paper makes a detailed comparative analysis, summarizes the similarities and differences between the Mongolian "case" and the Chinese preposition, and on this basis, makes a detailed analysis of the similarities and differences between the Mongolian "case" and the Chinese preposition. From the perspective of their own experience in learning Chinese prepositions, this paper puts forward the teaching methods and suggestions for Mongolian students studying Chinese prepositions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：H146.2;H531

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